Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Induced by Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM can lead to multiple cardiovascular complications, including coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure (HF). HF represents one of the most common causes of death in patients with DM and results from DM-induced CAD and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Oxidative stress is closely associated with the pathogenesis of DM and results from overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS overproduction is associated with hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders, such as impaired antioxidant function in conjunction with impaired antioxidant activity. Long-term exposure to oxidative stress in DM induces chronic inflammation and fibrosis in a range of tissues, leading to formation and progression of disease states in these tissues. Indeed, markers for oxidative stress are overexpressed in patients with DM, suggesting that increased ROS may be primarily responsible for the development of diabetic complications. Therefore, an understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms mediated by oxidative stress is crucial to the prevention and treatment of diabetes-induced CVD. The current review focuses on the relationship between diabetes-induced CVD and oxidative stress, while highlighting the latest insights into this relationship from findings on diabetic heart and vascular disease.

A new fructose-free, resistant-starch type IV-enriched enteral formula improves glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk biomarkers when administered for six weeks to elderly diabetic patients

“…Therefore, avoiding oxidative and inflammatory processes in diabetic patients may help to the prevention of cardiovascular complications. Macrophages generate lipid-laden foam cells due to uncontrolled uptake of modified LDL, especially oxLDL (19). In this sense, feeding the DSF during 6 weeks did not alter plasma oxLDL, indicating that oxidative stress is not increased during the intervention.…”

“…Many studies suggest that hyperglycaemia might trigger oxidative stress resulting in endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory processes that may contribute to CVD development (19). In fact, oxLDL and inflammatory biomarkers are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes (20,21).…”

In vitro antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory properties of watermelon seed protein hydrolysates

“…Persistent hyperglycaemia causes increased production of free radicals as a result of glucose auto-oxidation and protein glycosylation (Lipinski 2001;Asmat et al 2015;Kayama et al 2015). In order to expand treatment options, there is a need to explore the connection between free radicals, hyperglycaemia and diabetes (Oboh et al 2011).…”

Structure–activity relationship of immunomodulating pectins from elderberries

“…Accumulated evidence has suggested that diabetic patients are under oxidative stress, with an imbalance between the free radical generating and radical scavenging capacities [147,148]. 15-LO and XO are peroxidative and prooxidative enzymes, respectively, and sources of ROS [148].…”