Diabetic enteric neuropathy: imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms

Abstract

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Intestinal Region-Specific and Layer-Dependent Induction of TNFα in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and after Insulin Replacement

“…A similar tendency was observed in the distal colon of mice, where the myenteric TNFα level was multiple times higher than those of the mucosa [64]. The robust difference in TNFα levels between the different layers of the gut wall supports our previous finding that the myenteric plexus is more vulnerable to oxidative stress than submucous ganglia [5]. Furthermore, it suggests a sensitive regulatory role for TNFα in microbiota neuro-immune crosstalk.…”

“…Distinct structure and function as well as genetic and developmental features fundamentally define the appropriate intestinal milieu in the small and large intestine and even in their subregions [1,2], and pathological stimuli differently affect this regional molecular environment. Among others, type 1 diabetes has strictly region-specific effects on the microbial composition [3,4], antioxidant defence or oxidative status [5] of different gut segments. These all contribute to region-dependent nitrergic enteric neuropathy [6,7], that is markedly involved in gut motility disturbances [6,8,9] suffered by diabetic patients worldwide.…”

Role of antioxidants as immunity booster in obesity and diabetes: a systematic review on neuro-gliopathies perspective

“…The GI manifestation of diabetes is very common and a source of discomfort and motility and almost every part of GI tract from the esophagus to the rectum causes a variety of symptoms such as heartburn, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and constipation. So it is important to understand the underlying mechanism of diabetic gastroenteropathy [68]. Over recent years, the data regarding diabetic gastroenteropathy has expanding and the role of ENS and autonomic neuropathy causing GI disturbance caused by the intestinal cells of Cajal and neurotransmission in diabetics [68].…”

“…So it is important to understand the underlying mechanism of diabetic gastroenteropathy [68]. Over recent years, the data regarding diabetic gastroenteropathy has expanding and the role of ENS and autonomic neuropathy causing GI disturbance caused by the intestinal cells of Cajal and neurotransmission in diabetics [68]. The enteric neurons are located at the different regions of the intestine and display the different susceptibilities to diabetic damage and insulin treatment, which highlight the neuronal microenvironment in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.…”