Diabetic nephropathy

Zelmanovitz, Themis; Gerchman, Fernando; Balthazar, Amely Ps; Thomazelli, Fúlvio Cs; Matos, Jorge Dias de; Canani, Luís Henrique Santos

doi:10.1186/1758-5996-1-10

Cited by 125 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…Diabetic nephropathy often occurs during the progression of type 2 diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy is pathologically characterised by glomerular hypertrophy and hyperfiltration, thickening of the basement membrane, and accumulation of the extracellular matrix (31,32). Numerous studies have reported that HFD induced metabolic syndrome or DM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effect of Bis(Hinokitiolato)Zn Complex on High-fat Diet-induced Lipid Accumulation in Mouse Liver and Kidney

Naito

Yoshikawa

Yoshizawa

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Background/Aim: Metabolic syndrome-induced lifestyle-related diseases include diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension, and Zn-based compounds have effects on DM. We aimed to investigate the ameliorating effects of bis(hinokitiolato) Zn, [Zn(hkt) 2 The westernization of eating habits has increased the intake of fat. Metabolic syndrome, which is caused by these changing dietary habits, induces diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension (1, 2). There are numerous reports on the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) intake on health, and the most serious and important are dyslipidaemia, which is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, and fatty liver (3, 4).Numerous researchers have reported the effects of many organic or inorganic compounds on various organs, leading to disorders such as fatty liver or diabetic nephropathy (5, 6). Furthermore, other studies have reported that some compounds, even known as beneficial food materials, can worsen a disease condition (7,8). These reports suggest that careful considerations are required to understand the correct use of these food materials and evaluate their effects on both biochemical parameters and organ morphology. In particular, dyslipidaemia, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, should be prevented.Pioglitazone is known to exhibit efficacy in the treatment of DM owing to its blood glucose lowering, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) improvement, and glucose tolerance ameliorating effects (9, 10). Furthermore, numerous researchers have reported the anti-DM effect of Zn in in vivo experiments (11-13). For example, Zn compound 1) increased Akt-phosphorylation, as well as inhibited tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1B (PTP1B) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; and 2) inhibited alpha-glucosidase and 3) activated phosphodiesterase (14-18). Furthermore, only a few studies such as that of Moroki et al. (19) have reported experiments showing the effects of Zn complexes on lipid metabolism. Thus, the effects of Zn compounds on lipid metabolism have not been sufficiently examined yet.The experimental animals were fed an HFD or highfructose diet to establish the metabolic syndrome or DM model (20,21). Therefore, this study examined the histopathology of the livers and kidneys of C57BL/6J mice 1145

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effect of Bis(Hinokitiolato)Zn Complex on High-fat Diet-induced Lipid Accumulation in Mouse Liver and Kidney

Naito

Yoshikawa

Yoshizawa

et al. 2017

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“…20 Conflicting data exist about the role of SUA in patients with T2DM; the present study was addressed to evaluate the relation between SUA and hypertension, albumin excretion rate and CKD in a cohort of T2DM patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum uric acid and its association with hypertension, early nephropathy and chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients

Fouad¹,

Fathy²,

Zidan³

2016

Jornal Brasileiro De Nefrologia

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Ácido úrico sérico e sua associação com hipertensão, nefropatia precoce e doença renal crônica em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 Introdução: A detecção precoce da nefropatia diabética (ND) é importante. O áci-do úrico sérico (AUS) tem um papel ainda desconhecido no desenvolvimento de ND. Objetivo: Estudar a relação entre AUS e hipertensão, nefropatia precoce e progressão da doença renal crônica (DRC) no diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Métodos: O estudo contou com 986 participantes, de acordo com a presença e a duração do diabetes, os pacientes foram classificados em três grupos. O Grupo I incluiu 250 participantes saudá-veis. O Grupo II incluiu 352 pacientes com início de diabetes < 5 anos. O Grupo III incluiu 384 pacientes com o aparecimento de diabetes > 5 anos. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a exame clínico completo, medidas antropométricas, exames laboratoriais -incluindo hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1C), bem como a razão entre triglicé-rides e lipoproteína de alta densidade (TG/ HDL-C), AUS, razão creatinina/albumina (RCA) urinária, e taxa estimada de filtração glomerular (eTFG). Resultados: A razão AUS, PA, HbA1c, TG/HDL-C e RCA foi significativamente maior no grupo III do que no grupo I, II e em II do que I. A eTFG foi significativamente menor no grupo III do que nos grupos I, II e no II do que no I (p < 0,001). Idade, IMC, PA, HbA1c, razão TG/ HDL-C, RCA, foram positivamente correlacionados com AUS, enquanto que a TFG esteve negativamente correlacionada. O AUS a níveis > 6,1 mg/dl, > 6,2 mg/dl e > 6,5 mg/dl apresentou maior sensibilidade e especificidade para identificar hipertensão, nefropatia precoce e declínio da eTFG, respectivamente. Conclusão: Mesmo elevados níveis de AUS, foi associado ao risco de hipertensão, nefropatia precoce e declínio da eTFG. Além disso, o nível de AUS pode identificar o iní-cio da hipertensão, nefropatia precoce e progressão da DRC em DM2. ResumoPalavras-chave: ácido úrico; diabetes mellitus tipo 2; hipertensão; nefropatias diabéticas. Introduction:Early detection diabetic nephropathy (DN) is important. Whether serum uric acid (SUA) has a role in the development of DN is not known. Objective: To study the relationship between SUA and hypertension, early nephropathy and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: The total number of the study was 986 participants, according to presence and duration of diabetes were classified into three groups. Group I; including 250 healthy participants. Group II; including 352 with onset of diabetes < 5 years. Group III; including 384, with the onset of diabetes > 5 years. All participants were submitted to complete clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, laboratory investigations, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), as well triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein ratios (TG/HDL-C), SUA, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: SUA, BP, HbA1c, TG/HDL-C ratio, and ACR levels were significantly higher in group III tha...

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“…Moreover, there is a non-enzymatic glycation of proteins which results in the formation of AGEs due to the hyperglycaemia. These bind to collagen and other proteins that constitute the glomerular basement membrane, thus, making the glomerular barrier more permeable to proteins [15].…”

Section: Urinary Protein Excretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Urinary Protein: Creatinine Index and Dipsticks for Detection of Microproteinuria in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Kumar¹

2013

JCDR

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Background: Proteinuria has been recognized as one of the earliest signs of renal function deterioration in Diabetes mellitus. Proteinuria occurs due to alterations in the glomerular permeability and later, due to a failure in the reabsorption of filtered protein by the tubular cells. Normally, most of the healthy adults excrete 20-150 mg of protein in urine over 24 hours.Objectives: To find out the normal urinary Protein Creatinine Index (PCI) in healthy subjects, to compare the urinary PCI of diabetic patients with that of healthy subjects and to compare the urinary PCI with dipsticks for the detection of microproteinuria. Material and Methods:This study was conducted on 28 type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients and 40 age and sex matched healthy controls. Freshly collected urine samples were tested qualitatively for the presence of proteinuria by Heller's test, the sulfosalicylic acid test, heat-coagulation tests and urine dipsticks. Later on, the results were compared by performing a quantitative analysis of the protein in the spot urine samples by the sulfosalicylic acid method. A quantitative analysis of creatinine was done by the modified Jaffe's test. The PCI was calculated for each of the participant in the study. The Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) of the PCI was calculated and it was compared between the two groups. Results:The normal range of the PCI which was established in this study was 60 to 220. Significantly higher amount of proteins were found to be excreted in urine in diabetic patients (25.37 ± 12.51 mg/dl) as compared to those in normal subjects (8.93 ± 3.54 mg/dl). On comparison of the PCI between the controls and the diabetic subjects, it was found to be significantly elevated in the Diabetes mellitus patients (controls = 114.65 ±47.97 and in the diabetic patients =373.04 ± 98.53) ( p < 0.001). Conclusion:The PCI of a random urine sample can provide a very useful, simple and convenient method for the quantitative assessment of proteinuria, to judge the extent of kidney damage and for avoiding the drawbacks of the 24 -hr urine collections. InTROduCTIOnThe patients with Diabetes mellitus are at a high risk of suffering from renal damage. Persistent proteinuria is the hallmark of diabetic nephropathy [1]. In Diabetes mellitus, the vascular permeability increases and albuminuria appears when the metabolic regulation is poor, because of glycosylation and a loss of negative charges on the glomerular membrane. Diabetic nephropathy and deterioration of the renal function in Diabetes mellitus are preventable by the diagnosis of proteinuria at an early stage.Proteinuria is conventionally detected by qualitative tests, e.g. the sulfosalicylic acid test, Heller's nitric acid test and the heat coagulation test. But, these tests are not sensitive enough to detect the microproteinuria which is seen during the initial stages of diabetic nephropathy [2]. In recent years, dipsticks have been developed for the detection of proteinuria, which are claimed to be more convenient and sensitive as compared to...

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Diabetic nephropathy

Cited by 125 publications

References 180 publications

Beneficial Effect of Bis(Hinokitiolato)Zn Complex on High-fat Diet-induced Lipid Accumulation in Mouse Liver and Kidney

Beneficial Effect of Bis(Hinokitiolato)Zn Complex on High-fat Diet-induced Lipid Accumulation in Mouse Liver and Kidney

Serum uric acid and its association with hypertension, early nephropathy and chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients

Comparison of Urinary Protein: Creatinine Index and Dipsticks for Detection of Microproteinuria in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

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