Diabetic Retinopathy: Changes in Levels of Orosomucoids in Patients Supplemented with Beta Glucan and Vitamin D

Richter, Josef; Zahradnicka, Martina; Ivana, Stiborova; Vlastimil, Král; Větvička, Václav

doi:10.3844/ajisp.2018.26.33

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…Glucan effects are manifested via binding to several specific receptors, such as CR3 and dectin-1, and subsequent glucan-related signaling pathways include the NFĸB-receptor tyrosine kinase axis (24). Their effects include not only improvements of immune reactions against cancer and infection (7, 25), but also protection against mitochondrial toxicity (26) or improvements in diabetic retinopathy (27). Recently, glucans have been evaluated for their use in vaccine preparation, either as a part of the targeting delivery system or as a nanoparticle-based delivery platform (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-infectious and Anti-tumor Activities of β-glucans

Větvička

Větvičková

2020

Anticancer Res

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Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to directly compare the anti-infectious and anti-cancer effects of five commercially available glucans. Materials and Methods: We used five different glucans isolated from algae, yeast, bacteria, oat, and mushroom. We compared their effects on the stimulation of phagocytosis of blood cells, on the secretion of IL-2, and on the inhibition of melanoma and breast and lung cancers. In addition, we evaluated the effects of glucan supplementation on two experimental models of infection. Results: Most of the tested glucans stimulated phagocytosis and IL-2 secretion, reduced cancer growth, and ameliorated some effects of experimental infections. Conclusion: Glucans can produce significant pleiotropic effects, but the activity varies among individual samples.β-Glucans (hereafter called "glucans") are well-established natural immunomodulators with documented history of research reaching 60 years back, when a crude yeast extract was discovered to stimulate macrophages by complement activation (1). Glucans were found to be active throughout the animal kingdom and so far, no species has been found to be glucan resistant. Immunostimulating effects of glucans have been demonstrated in shrimp, fish (2), chicken (3), mice, rats, rabbits, goats, sheep, pigs (4), apes (5), and humans [for a review, see Vetvicka 2013 (6)]. Well-established biological effects of glucans include stimulation of immune reactions (7), control of diabetes (8), reduction of chronic fatigue syndrome (9), lowering of cholesterol levels (10, 11), and inhibition of cancer development (12).With numerous natural sources of glucans, including yeast, mushroom, bacteria, seaweed, and grain, it is not surprising that hundreds of structurally and functionally different glucans exist. However, despite the significant efforts of many laboratories, a direct link between structure and function remains elusive (13)(14)(15).Currently, more than 30,000 studies on the biological actions of glucans can be found in the peer-reviewed literature. However, there are still problems with results not being fully comparable, as dozens and most probably hundreds of glucans exist, most commercially available. With significant differences in source, purity, physicochemical characteristics, and solubility, it is often difficult to reach a conclusion regarding the general effects of glucans. The only viable solution is to perform direct comparative evaluations; hence, we endeavored to directly compare the anti-infectious and anti-cancer effects of five commercially available glucans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%