Diabetic retinopathy: research to clinical practice

Shah, Anjali R.; Gardner, Thomas W.

doi:10.1186/s40842-017-0047-y

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular eye disease involving retinal neurodegeneration [ 1 ]. DR is associated strongly with a prolonged duration of hyperglycemia and hypertension, in which serious damage occurs to the retina, consequently causing vision loss and blindness [ 2 , 3 ]. In the early stage of DR, hyperglycemia can cause blood vessels in the retina to leak fluid, making retina and macula swell [ 1 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, new vessels are fragile, and occasionally bleed into the vitreous, which is called vitreous hemorrhage [ 4 ]. These abnormal alterations in the macula and retina can steal central and peripheral vision [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Pathophysiological factors germane to the development of DR include genetic and epigenetic factors, free radicals, advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), and inflammatory factors [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chrysin Ameliorates Malfunction of Retinoid Visual Cycle through Blocking Activation of AGE-RAGE-ER Stress in Glucose-Stimulated Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Diabetic Eyes

et al. 2018

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Diabetes-associated visual cycle impairment has been implicated in diabetic retinopathy, and chronic hyperglycemia causes detrimental effects on visual function. Chrysin, a naturally occurring flavonoid found in various herbs, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. The goal of the current study was to identify the retinoprotective role of chrysin in maintaining robust retinoid visual cycle-related components. The in vitro study employed human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to 33 mM of glucose or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the presence of 1–20 μM chrysin for three days. In the in vivo study, 10 mg/kg of chrysin was orally administrated to db/db mice. Treating chrysin reversed the glucose-induced production of vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in RPE cells. The outer nuclear layer thickness of chrysin-exposed retina was enhanced. The oral gavage of chrysin augmented the levels of the visual cycle enzymes of RPE65, lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), retinol dehydrogenase 5 (RDH5), and rhodopsin diminished in db/db mouse retina. The diabetic tissue levels of the retinoid binding proteins and the receptor of the cellular retinol-binding protein, cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein-1, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein and stimulated by retinoic acid 6 were restored to those of normal mouse retina. The presence of chrysin demoted AGE secretion and AGE receptor (RAGE) induction in glucose-exposed RPE cells and diabetic eyes. Chrysin inhibited the reduction of PEDF, RPE 65, LRAT, and RDH5 in 100 μg/mL of AGE-bovine serum albumin-exposed RPE cells. The treatment of RPE cells with chrysin reduced the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Chrysin inhibited the impairment of the retinoid visual cycle through blocking ER stress via the AGE-RAGE activation in glucose-stimulated RPE cells and diabetic eyes. This is the first study demonstrating the protective effects of chrysin on the diabetes-associated malfunctioned visual cycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysin Ameliorates Malfunction of Retinoid Visual Cycle through Blocking Activation of AGE-RAGE-ER Stress in Glucose-Stimulated Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Diabetic Eyes

et al. 2018

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“…Early detection and timely treatment of DR are crucial to prevent the development of sight-threatening DR and visual loss (Hautala et al 2014). Due to global increase in the prevalence of diabetes from the current 425 million to 629 million in 2045, also the number of people with DR are estimated to triple from 2005 to 2050 (diabetesatlas.org 2018, Shah & Gardner 2016). Thus, the workload required for screening for DR will increase tremendously.…”

Section: R Egular Screening By Fundusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy and its progression in sequential fundus images of patients with diabetes

Dietzel

Schanner

Falck

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Ocular complications are common in diabetes and especially proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular oedema (DME) may lead to severe visual loss or even to blindness 2. Due to a global increase in the prevalence of diabetes, also the number of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) or vision-threatening DR is estimated to triple from 2005 to 2050 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravitreal bevacizumab improves the clearance of vitreous haemorrhage and visual outcomes in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

2019

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the occurrence of vitreous haemorrhage (VH) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for VH in 5-year real-life data.Methods and analysis850 adult patients with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) with PDR were screened for VH. The effect of IVB was evaluated by the clearage of VH and the change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The rates of VHs, reinjections, macular oedema, complications, additional treatments and outcomes of spontaneous resorption, panretinal photocoagulation or pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for VH were also investigated.ResultsVH occurred in 16% of patients with T1D and 9% of patients with T2D with PDR. 336 VHs in 140 eyes of 103 patients were documented. VH was cleared in 92% of cases in less than 3 months by the initial IVB. IVB was superior to other treatment methods in shortening the time for clearance of VH (Kaplan-Meier, p<0.0001). The average rate of IVB reinjections was 1.7±1.1 and the reinjection interval was 7.2±3.9 weeks. BCVA increased 0.73±0.04 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units after IVB (generalised estimating equations, p=0.0004). In 5 years, the patients had 2.2±2.7 recurrence of VHs. A simultaneous 72% decrease in the rate of PPVs was documented (p<0.0001).ConclusionVH occurs mostly in patients with T1D. The therapeutic effect of IVB for VH was significant and led to improved clearance of VH and visual outcome. Moreover, IVB prevented persistent and recurrent VHs and decreased the need for costly PPV.

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Diabetic retinopathy: research to clinical practice

Cited by 49 publications

References 65 publications

Chrysin Ameliorates Malfunction of Retinoid Visual Cycle through Blocking Activation of AGE-RAGE-ER Stress in Glucose-Stimulated Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Diabetic Eyes

Chrysin Ameliorates Malfunction of Retinoid Visual Cycle through Blocking Activation of AGE-RAGE-ER Stress in Glucose-Stimulated Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Diabetic Eyes

Automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy and its progression in sequential fundus images of patients with diabetes

Intravitreal bevacizumab improves the clearance of vitreous haemorrhage and visual outcomes in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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