Diagenetic constraints on heterogeneous reservoir quality assessment: A Triassic outcrop analog of meandering fluvial reservoirs

Henares, Saturnina; Caracciolo, Luca; Viseras, César; Fernández, Juan; Yeste, Luis Miguel

doi:10.1306/04011615103

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…The damage zone has characteristics that vary according to the rock type: 1) For brittle consolidated rocks, in the model of Caine et al (1996) the damage zone is defined as an increased fracture density and contains minor faults compared to the protolith. 2) For porous sandstones, models of the damage zone from Heynekamp et al, (1999) modified by Loveless et al, (2011), include minor faults and deformation bands (Antonellini and Aydin, 1994;Flodin et al, These processes interact with one another, because of their potential co-eval formation (Clauer et al, 2008;Worden and Morad, 2009).They have an impact on the pore network and reservoir quality of sandstones, though their quantification is rarely determined (Bjorlykke and Egeberg, 1993;Bjorkum, 1996;Worden and Burley, 2003;Eichhubl et al, 2009;Henares et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore network properties of sandstones in a fault damage zone

Bossennec

Géraud

Moretti³

et al. 2018

Journal of Structural Geology

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The understanding of fluid flow in faulted sandstones is based on a wide range of techniques. These depend on the multi-method determination of petrological and structural features, porous network properties and both spatial and temporal variations and interactions of these features. The question of the multi-parameter analysis on fluid flow controlling properties is addressed for an outcrop damage zone in the hanging wall of a normal fault zone on the western border of the Upper Rhine Graben, affecting the Buntsandstein Group (Early Triassic). Diagenetic processes may alter the original pore type and geometry in fractured and faulted sandstones. Therefore, these may control the ultimate porosity and permeability of the damage zone. The classical model of evolution of hydraulic properties with distance from the major fault core is nuanced here. The hydraulic behavior of the rock media is better described by a pluriscale model including: 1) The grain scale, where the hydraulic properties are controlled by sedimentary features, the distance from the fracture, and the impact of diagenetic processes. These result in the ultimate porous network characteristics observed. 2) A larger scale, where the structural position and characteristics (density, connectivity) of the fracture corridors are strongly correlated with both geo-mechanical and hydraulic properties within the damage zone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore network properties of sandstones in a fault damage zone

Bossennec

Géraud

Moretti³

et al. 2018

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…The studied example is a Triassic succession often considered as an outcrop analogue for other hydrocarbon‐productive reservoirs such as the Algerian TAGI (Trias Argilo‐Gréseux Inférieur; Rossi et al ., 2002; Dabrio et al ., 2005; Viseras et al ., 2011; Henares et al ., 2014, 2016a,b; Viseras et al ., 2018; Yeste et al ., 2018). For this reason, the Outcrop/Behind Outcrop workflow has been employed, integrating standard 2D high resolution outcrop data and 3D outcrop data, developed from photogrammetry, with subsurface data from behind the outcrop including cores and core descriptions, Gamma Ray logs and borehole image logs (Yeste et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir architecture and heterogeneity distribution in floodplain sandstones: Key features in outcrop, core and wireline logs

et al. 2020

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Exploration and production from formations deposited in low-gradient fluvial systems is typically associated with a high degree of uncertainty; a reflection of the inherent characteristics of these environments, notably the dominance of non-reservoir floodplain fines, rapid lateral facies variations and associated heterogeneities at different scales. However, for a field development to be successful it becomes crucial to know the location, geometry, dimensions and connectivity of the most permeable facies, related to the main channel and the associated proximal overbank deposits (crevasse-splay complexes). With the aim of addressing this problem, a multidisciplinary study is presented, combining outcrop data, high-resolution sedimentological descriptions and advanced visualization techniques based on Digital Outcrop Models. This is compared with subsurface data from behind the outcrop (core, gamma ray and borehole image logs). The Mudstone-Sandstone Unit of the Triassic Red Beds of Iberian Meseta formation in southcentral Spain was selected for the present study. The unit is characterized by the lateral and vertical stacking of four architectural elements: (i) channelized sandstone bodies; (ii) asymmetrical sigmoidal-shaped sandstone bodies; (iii) lobe-shaped to sheet-like sandstone bodies; and (iv) sheet-like mudstones. These elements represent meandering channel, crevasse-channel-splay and floodplain sub-environments, comprising a distal, low-gradient meandering fluvial system. Together with well-documented outcrop and core facies, calibrated log responses are also presented for the channel bodies (bell-shape Gamma Ray profile, random azimuths and low to high dip angles), the crevasse-splay bodies (funnel-shape Gamma Ray profile, unidirectional azimuths and low dip angles) and the floodplain deposits (serrated Gamma Ray profile, unidirectional azimuths and very low dip angles). The full integration of outcrop and subsurface datasets has enabled generation of a robust conceptual model with predictive potential when establishing the three-dimensional stacking of facies, distribution of heterogeneities, and the connectivity between reservoir rock geobodies of primary (channel) and secondary (crevasse complex) interest in this type of fluvial reservoir.

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“…Occurrence time and duration of deep burial largely control the preservation of pores and reservoir quality [22,23]. The negative effects on reservoir quality by compaction may be inhibited by eogenetic cements such as extensive carbonate cements [17,24]. Porosity enhancing factors, including mainly dissolution of unstable silicate and fracturing, depend crucially on pore fluid chemistry, grain compositions, and structural features (development of fractures, e.g., joints and faults) [19,25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on Reservoirs Quality of the Upper Jurassic Mengyin Formation Sandstones in Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Energies

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The Upper Jurassic Mengyin Formation sandstones are important targets for petroleum exploration in Dongying Depression of Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China. Although the current burial depth of the Upper Jurassic Mengyin Formation sandstones is shallow (900–2500 m), the reservoir rocks are characterized by low porosity and low permeability due to the complex diagenetic modifications after deposition. Experimental tests and statistical methods, such as thin section, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cathodoluminescence (CL), high pressure mercury injection (HPMI) and fluid inclusion analysis are conducted to delineate the mineralogical, petrographic and petro-physical characteristics. Results show that physical and chemical processes, including burial depth, burial and thermal history and pore fluid evolution, are both important for the diagenetic modifications that result in a variety changes in pore system and reservoir quality. According to numerical simulation of porosity evolution during lengthy burial and thermal history, porosity loss due to the early deep burial process under the high paleo-geothermal gradient can reach about 20%. Moreover, the burial history (effective stress and temperature) has a better guidance to reservoir quality prediction compared with current burial depth. The extensive compaction in sandstones also resulted in extremely low pore fluid flow during subsequent diagenetic processes, thus, the reaction products of dissolution cannot be removed, which would be precipitated as carbonate cements during stable reburial phase. Dissolution resulted from uncomformity-related meteoric flushing have been the most important porosity-enhancing factor in Mengyin Formation sandstones in spite of low thin section porosity averaged out to 3.22%. Secondary pores derived from dissolution of unstable silicates are more likely to develop in sandstones near the regional unconformity. The oil source fault activities may enhance the heterogeneity of reservoir rocks and control the reservoir quality by inducing micro-fractures and providing the main pathways for hydrocarbon migration.

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Diagenetic constraints on heterogeneous reservoir quality assessment: A Triassic outcrop analog of meandering fluvial reservoirs

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Pore network properties of sandstones in a fault damage zone

Pore network properties of sandstones in a fault damage zone

Reservoir architecture and heterogeneity distribution in floodplain sandstones: Key features in outcrop, core and wireline logs

Controls on Reservoirs Quality of the Upper Jurassic Mengyin Formation Sandstones in Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

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