Diagnosability versus Mean Differences of Sage Sparrow Subspecies

Patten, Michael A.; Unitt, Philip

doi:10.2307/4090009

Cited by 48 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Subspecies traditionally have been based on geographical discontinuities in phenotypic traits, and some authors have prescribed a minimum proportion of morphological differentiation to qualify as subspecies (Amadon 1949;Patten and Unitt 2002). Molecular data has often shown a lack of congruence in traditional morphological subspecies and phylogenetic units.…”

Section: Taxonomic Revision Of Chasiempismentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepping stone speciation in Hawaii’s flycatchers: molecular divergence supports new island endemics within the elepaio

et al. 2009

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The elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis) is a monarch flycatcher endemic to the Hawaiian Islands of Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii. Elepaio vary in morphology among and within islands, and five subspecies are currently recognized. We investigated phylogeography of elepaio using mitochondrial (ND2) and nuclear (LDH) markers and population structure within Hawaii using ND2 and microsatellites. Phylogenetic analyses revealed elepaio on each island formed reciprocally monophyletic groups, with Kauai ancestral to other elepaio. Sequence divergence in ND2 among islands (3.02-2.21%) was similar to that in other avian sibling species. Estimation of divergence times using relaxed molecular clock models indicated elepaio colonized Kauai 2.33 million years ago (95% CI 0.92-3.87 myr), Oahu 0.69 (0.29-1.19) myr ago, and Hawaii 0.49 (0.21-0.84) myr ago. LDH showed less variation than ND2 and was not phylogenetically informative. Analysis of molecular variance within Hawaii showed structure at ND2 (fixation index = 0.31), but microsatellites showed no population structure. Genetic, morphological, and behavioral evidence supports splitting elepaio into three species, one on each island, but does not support recognition of subspecies within Hawaii or other islands. Morphological variation in elepaio has evolved at small geographic scales within islands due to short dispersal distances and steep climatic gradients. Divergence has been limited by lack of dispersal barriers in the extensive forest that once covered each island, but anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and declines in elepaio population size are likely to decrease gene flow and accelerate differentiation, especially on Oahu.

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Section: Taxonomic Revision Of Chasiempismentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepping stone speciation in Hawaii’s flycatchers: molecular divergence supports new island endemics within the elepaio

et al. 2009

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“…However, uncertainty regarding which criteria to use for delineating subspecies hampers subspecies listing and delisting decisions. Subspecies have been defined based on phenotypic (e.g., morphological, behavioral, and ecological) and genetic criteria (Mayr 1942;Amadon 1949;Futuyma 1998;Patten and Unitt 2002;Haig et al 2004;Zink 2004). In birds, recent controversy over subspecies delineation has centered on conflicting morphological and genetic patterns (Zink 1989;Ball and Avise 1992;Zink et al 2000;Zink 2004;Phillimore and Owens 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation genetics of snowy plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) in the Western Hemisphere: population genetic structure and delineation of subspecies

Funk¹,

Mullins²,

Haig³

2007

Conserv Genet

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We examined the genetic structure of snowy plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) in North America, the Caribbean, and the west coast of South America to quantify variation within and among breeding areas and to test the validity of three previously recognized subspecies. Sequences (676 bp) from domains I and II of the mitochondrial control region were analyzed for 166 snowy plovers from 20 breeding areas. Variation was also examined at 10 microsatellite loci for 144 snowy plovers from 14 breeding areas. The mtDNA and microsatellite data provided strong evidence that the Puerto Rican breeding group is genetically divergent from sites in the continental U.S. (net sequence divergence = 0.38%; F ST for microsatellites = 0.190). Our data also revealed high levels of differentiation between sites from South America and North America (net sequence divergence = 0.81%; F ST for microsatellites = 0.253). In contrast, there was little genetic structure among breeding sites within the continental U.S. Our results suggest that snowy plovers in Florida should be considered part of C. a. nivosus (rather than part of C. a. tenuirostris, where they are currently placed), whereas snowy plovers from Puerto Rico should be considered part of C. a. tenuirostris. Snowy plovers in South America should remain a separate subspecies (C. a. occidentalis). Although U.S. Pacific and Gulf Coast breeding areas were not genetically distinct from other continental U.S. sites, demographic isolation, unique coastal habitats, and recent population declines suggest they warrant special concern.

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“…Moreover the demonstration of genetic distinction between subspecies is not a default expectation because genetic exchange might be continuing or might have ceased only recently. Any prevailing concern over the status of subspecies as a taxonomic rank lies not with the concept, populations within a species that are diagnosably distinct (Patten & Unitt 2002) or alternatively diagnosable populations that at least during breeding are largely allopatric (Rising 2007), but with its application in individual cases (Remsen 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong debate among North American ornithologists has centred on the question of whether subspecies should be accepted only if shown [by current methods] to be genetically distinct, with most agreeing that many named a century ago would fail this test, some being ill defined in subjective terms and many merely representing samples along a cline of continuing variation (Patten & Unitt 2002). A minority view is that the use of subspecies serves no good purpose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subspecies of the Thick-Billed Grasswren Amytornis Modestus (Aves-Maluridae)

Black

2011

Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia

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The Thick-billed Grasswren Amytornis modestus once ranged from the central Australian ranges of Northern Territory through the Lake Eyre, Lake Torrens and Lake Frome Basins of South Australia to north-western New South Wales and the eastern Murray-Darling Basin, but its distribution was a fragmented one of up to eight separate populations. The central Australian population is extinct but another occupies an extensive range south from about the Northern Territory border west of Lake Eyre and Lake Torrens. These, the subspecies Amytornis modestus modestus and A. m. indulkanna respectively are genetically distinct from others from the Northern Flinders Ranges periphery and south-west Lake Frome Basin that are described here as two further subspecies. A population in north-western New South Wales and two further east carry the names A. m. obscurior and A. m. inexpectatus respectively, the latter also extinct. A further population, isolated from others by dune-fields of the Simpson-Strzelecki Desert awaits further evaluation.

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Diagnosability versus Mean Differences of Sage Sparrow Subspecies

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Stepping stone speciation in Hawaii’s flycatchers: molecular divergence supports new island endemics within the elepaio

Stepping stone speciation in Hawaii’s flycatchers: molecular divergence supports new island endemics within the elepaio

Conservation genetics of snowy plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) in the Western Hemisphere: population genetic structure and delineation of subspecies

Subspecies of the Thick-Billed Grasswren Amytornis Modestus (Aves-Maluridae)

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