Diagnosing Frailty in Primary Care Practice

Somagutta, Manoj Reddy; Uday, Utkarsha; Bathula, Narayana R; Pendyala, Siva K; Mahadevaiah, Ashwini; Jain, Molly S; Mahmutaj, Greta; Gad, Mohamed M.; Baptiste, Jennifer Jean

doi:10.7759/cureus.23329

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This judgment considers factors that broadly categorize the individual's level of fitness or frailty. [11] The results show that frail patients (CFS6-9) of all ages admitted to the hospital had significantly higher hospital mortality than fit patients (CFS1-3). [12] A score of ≥4 on the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is used to identify frailty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Clinical Frailty Scale - frailty assessment and rehabilitation potential

Wiśniewski,

Hołownia,

Krzesłowska

et al. 2024

J Educ Health Sport

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Background: Studies show a significant increase in frailty prevalence among older adults worldwide. Fortunately, several well-established and user-friendly screening tools can effectively identify frailty in older adults. Objectives: This article examines the Clinical Frailty Scale's effectiveness in informing treatment decisions for older adults in ambulatory care settings, analyzing its potential to improve patient care. Methods: On April 1, 2024, the PubMed database was searched for articles on the Clinical Frailty Scale in elderly patients. The 116 most pertinent and current articles, written in English and published within the past few years, were analyzed, and 38 were selected and categorized by content and topic. Limitations: This study is limited because it is not a meta-analysis and thus does not examine the quality of the evidence presented in each article. Conclusions: Frailty research has illuminated aging and its potential biological causes. The Clinical Frailty Scale effectively identifies vulnerable individuals. By using the CFS to assess frailty risk, healthcare providers can personalize treatment plans and improve overall care for older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Clinical Frailty Scale - frailty assessment and rehabilitation potential

Wiśniewski,

Hołownia,

Krzesłowska

et al. 2024

J Educ Health Sport

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“…The Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, and Loss of Weight (FRAIL) Scale was used, with a score ≥ 3 points diagnosed as frailty 33 . Polypharmacy was defined by the simultaneous use of ≥ 5 medications in the past month.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with poor glycemic control in older adults with sarcopenia

Alfaro-Alvarado,

Rosas-Barrientos,

Pardo-Pacheco

et al. 2024

CIHR

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Background: Older adults have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and sarcopenia. Aging-related changes such as loss of muscle mass and insulin resistance increase the development of T2D. Several factors have been associated with poor glycemic control in older adults. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to determine the factors associated with poor glycemic control in older adults with sarcopenia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in ambulatory older adults with T2D. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 criteria were used to define sarcopenia. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level is classified as poor glycemic control. Logistic regression analysis was performed with response variable: poor glycemic control, estimating the odds ratio, and 95% confidence intervals as a measure of effect size. Results: Sarcopenia was higher in subjects with poor glycemic control. The higher the HbA1c level, the greater the association with sarcopenia. In addition, poor glycemic control was associated with malnutrition, insulin resistance, the use of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors, and insulin. Conclusion: Poor glycemic control in older adults is associated with the presence of sarcopenia, low muscle mass, malnutrition, insulin resistance, and the use of some antidiabetics.

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“…The occurrence of frailty is a normal process associated with aging. It is studied as a natural biological event that produces physiological, psychological, and social changes [309], and it is perceived as an inevitable decline associated with old age [310]. The acquisition of a frail phenotype is thus closely associated with the progressive and age-dependent loss of basic molecular/cellular functional properties that cause decreased adaptability to internal/external stress and increased vulnerability to disease and mortality [311].…”

Section: Frailty and Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Be Frail or Not to Be Frail: This Is the Question—A Critical Narrative Review of Frailty

Sciacchitano,

Carola,

Nicolais

et al. 2024

JCM

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Many factors have contributed to rendering frailty an emerging, relevant, and very popular concept. First, many pandemics that have affected humanity in history, including COVID-19, most recently, have had more severe effects on frail people compared to non-frail ones. Second, the increase in human life expectancy observed in many developed countries, including Italy has led to a rise in the percentage of the older population that is more likely to be frail, which is why frailty is much a more common concern among geriatricians compared to other the various health-care professionals. Third, the stratification of people according to the occurrence and the degree of frailty allows healthcare decision makers to adequately plan for the allocation of available human professional and economic resources. Since frailty is considered to be fully preventable, there are relevant consequences in terms of potential benefits both in terms of the clinical outcome and healthcare costs. Frailty is becoming a popular, pervasive, and almost omnipresent concept in many different contexts, including clinical medicine, physical health, lifestyle behavior, mental health, health policy, and socio-economic planning sciences. The emergence of the new “science of frailty” has been recently acknowledged. However, there is still debate on the exact definition of frailty, the pathogenic mechanisms involved, the most appropriate method to assess frailty, and consequently, who should be considered frail. This narrative review aims to analyze frailty from many different aspects and points of view, with a special focus on the proposed pathogenic mechanisms, the various factors that have been considered in the assessment of frailty, and the emerging role of biomarkers in the early recognition of frailty, particularly on the role of mitochondria. According to the extensive literature on this topic, it is clear that frailty is a very complex syndrome, involving many different domains and affecting multiple physiological systems. Therefore, its management should be directed towards a comprehensive and multifaceted holistic approach and a personalized intervention strategy to slow down its progression or even to completely reverse the course of this condition.

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Diagnosing Frailty in Primary Care Practice

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Clinical Frailty Scale - frailty assessment and rehabilitation potential

Clinical Frailty Scale - frailty assessment and rehabilitation potential

Factors associated with poor glycemic control in older adults with sarcopenia

To Be Frail or Not to Be Frail: This Is the Question—A Critical Narrative Review of Frailty

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