Diagnosing Infectious Diseases in Poultry Requires a Holistic Approach: A Review

Liebhart, Dieter; Bilić, Ivana; Grafl, Beatrice; Heß, Claudia; Heß, Michael

doi:10.3390/poultry2020020

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 274 publications

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“…Many 15-mer peptide segments were predicted to bind (strongly as well as weekly) with four MHC-II alleles of the human being (Supplementary Table 6) out of which seven peptides i. e. QQIVPFIRSLLMPTT [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] , QMLLTAQNLPASYNY [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] , YNYCRLVSRS LTVRS 88-102 , NYCRLVSRSLT VRSS 89-103 , FSANIDAITSLSVGG [222][223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236] , GGELVFQTSV HGLVL [235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245]…”

Section: T-cell Epitope Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bio-Computational Prediction of Novel Epitopes on VP2 Protein of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Singh,

Tyagi,

Singhal

et al. 2024

J. Adv. Microbiol.

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Aim: Recently, many viral Immunogenic peptides or epitopes have been used as potential vaccine and also immuno-diagnostic candidates. In this study, we predicted different epitopic peptides on VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) using bioinformatics tools, which can be potential vaccine as well as diagnostic candidate for IBD, in future. Study Design: In the present study, B-cell epitopes (linear or continuous, and conformational) and T-cell epitopes were predicted on VP2 protein. Place and Duration of Study: Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna, and Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India between June and December 2023. Methodology: For the prediction of linear B-cell epitopes, Bepipred Linear Epitope Prediction 2.0, SVMTriP, and BCPred tools were used, while Ellipro was used for conformational B-cell epitopes prediction. In the absence of immune-bioinformatics tool is available to predict poultry MHC-peptide binding, only those human MHC-I/II alleles having greater than 70% identities those of poultry MHC-I/II alleles were selected. NetMHCcons 1.1 and NetMHCIIpan - 4.0 tools were used to predict strong binding affinity of peptides with MHC-I and MHC-II, respectively. Results: As per analysis by four different tools, the peptide ‘SYDLGYVRLGDPIPAIGLDPKMV ATCDSSDRPRVYTITAADDYQFSSQYQPGGV164-217’ (EpitopeL) was predicted as the most prominent linear B-cell epitope. Two peptides, i.e. ANLNSPLKIAG (EpitopeC 1) and SSQYQPGGRTSVHGLGLTTGTDKSGGQAGDQMS (EpitopeC 2) were predicted as potent conformational B-cell epitopes. During T-cell epitopes prediction, human HLA*B 40:06, HLA*B 41:03 and HLA*B 41:04 alleles chosen as homologues of poultry MHC class I alleles while DRB1:1310, DRB1:1366, DRB1:1445, and DRB1:1482 chosen as homologues of poultry MHC class II alleles. A 9-mer GELVFQTSV236-244 peptide was predicted as MHC-I strong binder ability while, two 15-mer peptides, i.e. YTKLILSERDRLGIK389-403 and QMLLTAQNLPASYNY76-90 were predicted as MHC-II strong binder ability. Conclusion: Using bio-computational analysis, one linear and two conformational B-cell epitopes were predicted on VP2 protein of IBDV. During T-cell epitopes prediction one 9-mer peptide and two 15-mer peptides were predicted as MHC-I and MHC-II strong binding peptides, respectively. After assessing protective immune responses through in vitro and in vivo studies, these predicted peptides could be potential candidates for developing subunit vaccines.

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Section: T-cell Epitope Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prevent IBDV outbreaks, disease diagnosis, monitoring and vaccination of poultry are the common strategies [6]. For control of infectious disease, live attenuated and inactivated vaccines are two major types of vaccines used poultry [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Computational Prediction of Novel Epitopes on VP2 Protein of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Singh,

Tyagi,

Singhal

et al. 2024

J. Adv. Microbiol.

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“…Respiratory symptoms caused by P. multocida worsen the anemic condition induced by CAV, leading to higher mortality rates and decreased ock performance. Additionally, CAV's immunosuppression enhances the severity and persistence of P. multocida infections, making the co-infection challenging to manage (Liebhart et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection of Fowl Cholera with bacterial and viral infection in poultry flocks

Ookanti,

Bandla,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study explores the co-infection dynamics of Pasteurella multocida (P.multocida) in poultry, focusing on Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV). Co-infections pose significant challenges to poultry health, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. The combined impact of co-infection exacerbates respiratory issues, weakens the immune system, and leads to intricate clinical manifestations. Samples from poultry flocks in Telangana and Haryana states of India, suspected for fowl cholera, were collected during 2019–2021. The study confirms co-infections using conventional PCR techniques targeting specific gene regions. Clinical symptoms exhibited by infected birds are described for each pathogen. The epidemiology of co-infections is discussed, and the importance of understanding these dynamics for effective control and prevention strategies is emphasized. Results reveal consistent co-infections over the study period, highlighting the need for further investigations into associations with parasites, bacteria, fungi, or viruses. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive biosecurity measures, vaccination programs, and early detection for managing poultry co-infections and ensuring sustainable production.

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“…This indicates that such samples may serve as a viable option for population-level pathogen monitoring programs and potentially for assessing gut microbiota as well. Thus, litter sampling could contribute considerably to poultry management and health status monitoring programs as molecular diagnostics become more viable [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Broiler Litter Microbiota and the Supplementation of Bacillus Probiotics in a Leaky Gut Model

Horyanto,

Bajagai,

von Hellens

et al. 2024

Animals

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Probiotics provided from hatch have a major influence on microbiota development, and together with environmental and bedding microbiota, shape the microbial community of the litter. We investigated the influence of probiotic supplementation and a leaky gut challenge induced using dexamethasone (DEX) on the litter microbial community and litter parameters. The probiotic product was a mix of three Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains. The litter microbiota were compared to the microbial communities from other gut sections. The litter samples had higher microbial diversity compared to the caecum, gizzard, jejunum, and jejunal mucosa. The high similarity between the litter phylum-level microbiota and gizzard microbiota detected in our study could be a consequence of ingested feed and litter passing through the gizzard. Moreover, the litter microbial community is fundamentally distinct from the intestinal microbiota, as evidenced by the number of genera present in the litter but absent from all the intestinal sections and vice versa. Furthermore, LEfSe analysis identified distinct microbial taxa across different groups, with specific genera associated with different treatments. In terms of litter quality, the birds in the DEX groups had a significantly higher moisture content, indicating successful leaky gut challenge, while probiotic supplementation did not significantly affect the moisture levels. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the distinct microbiota characteristics of litter.

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Diagnosing Infectious Diseases in Poultry Requires a Holistic Approach: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 274 publications

Bio-Computational Prediction of Novel Epitopes on VP2 Protein of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Bio-Computational Prediction of Novel Epitopes on VP2 Protein of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Co-infection of Fowl Cholera with bacterial and viral infection in poultry flocks

The Association between Broiler Litter Microbiota and the Supplementation of Bacillus Probiotics in a Leaky Gut Model

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