Diagnosing the spatiotemporal diversity of westerly wind events in the tropical Pacific

Hao, Xiaozhen; Ren, Hong‐Li; Zhang, Wenjun; Liu, Minghong; Wei, Yuntao

doi:10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2019.03.004

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…This is consistent with Levine et al (2016) who show that most CMIP5 models underestimate state-dependent noise forcing. Nevertheless, our simple diagnostic ignores the spatio-temporal diversity of westerly wind bursts (Hao et al, 2019) which could in principle affect the oceanic impact (Puy et al, 2016) and the SST response to WWBs may also depend on the oceanic background state, and hence be affected by ocean model bias (Puy et al, 2019) so a more sophisticated analysis would be worthwhile to confirm our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

ENSO Amplitude Asymmetry in Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Models

et al. 2021

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Long climate simulations with the Met Office Hadley Centre General Circulation Model show weak El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña phases compared with observations. This lack of asymmetry is explored through the framework of a perturbed parameter experiment. Two key hypotheses for the lack of asymmetry are tested. First, the possibility that westerly wind burst activity is biased is explored. It is found that the observed difference in wind burst activity during El Niño and La Niña tends to be underestimated by the model. Secondly, the warming due to subsurface non-linear advection is examined. While the model exhibits non-linear dynamic warming during both La Niña and El Niño, and thus a contribution to ENSO asymmetry, it is shown to be consistently underestimated in comparison with ocean reanalyses. The non-linear zonal advection term contributes most to the deficiency and the simulation of the anomalous zonal currents may be playing a key role in its underestimation. Compared with the ocean reanalyses, the anomalous zonal currents associated with ENSO are too weak in the vicinity of the equatorial undercurrent and the surface wind driven zonal currents extend too deep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

ENSO Amplitude Asymmetry in Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Models

et al. 2021

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Ocean–atmosphere interactions: Madden–Julian Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Fernandes,

Wheeler,

Grimm

et al. 2025

Atmospheric Oscillations

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Modulation of ENSO on Fast and Slow MJO Modes during Boreal Winter

Wei

Ren

2019

Journal of Climate

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This study investigates modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) propagation during boreal winter. Results show that the spatiotemporal evolution of MJO manifests as a fast equatorially symmetric propagation from the Indian Ocean to the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) during El Niño, whereas the MJO during La Niña is very slow and tends to frequently “detour” via the southern Maritime Continent (MC). The westward group velocity of the MJO is also more significant during El Niño. Based on the dynamics-oriented diagnostics, it is found that, during El Niño, the much stronger leading suppressed convection over the EWP excites a significant front Walker cell, which further triggers a larger Kelvin wave easterly wind anomaly and premoistening and heating effects to the east. However, the equatorial Rossby wave to the west tends to decouple with the MJO convection. Both effects can result in fast MJO propagation. The opposite holds during La Niña. A column-integrated moisture budget analysis reveals that the sea surface temperature anomaly driving both the eastward and equatorward gradients of the low-frequency moisture anomaly during El Niño, as opposed to the westward and poleward gradients during La Niña, induces moist advection over the equatorial eastern MC–EWP region due to the intraseasonal wind anomaly and therefore enhances the zonal asymmetry of the moisture tendency, supporting fast propagation. The role of nonlinear advection by synoptic-scale Kelvin waves is also nonnegligible in distinguishing fast and slow MJO modes. This study emphasizes the crucial roles of dynamical wave feedback and moisture–convection feedback in modulating the MJO propagation by ENSO.

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Diagnosing the spatiotemporal diversity of westerly wind events in the tropical Pacific

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

ENSO Amplitude Asymmetry in Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Models

ENSO Amplitude Asymmetry in Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Models

Ocean–atmosphere interactions: Madden–Julian Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Modulation of ENSO on Fast and Slow MJO Modes during Boreal Winter

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