Diagnosis and Management of Lung Infections

Jaroszewski, Dawn E.; Webb, Brandon; Leslie, Kevin O.

doi:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2012.05.002

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 104 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Three primary antifungal agents are currently available to treat pulmonary fungal infections: triazoles, polyenes, and echinocandins [97]. Understanding the differences between dimorphic endemic fungi, filamentous fungi, and molds with respect to antifungal susceptibility and prognosis makes a definitive microbiologic or pathologic diagnosis imperative before treatment [98]. Regarding fungal pulmonary infection, treatment can range from non-to surgical resection, as in simple aspergilloma, the cause of CPA [99].…”

Section: Current Treatment For Fungal Pulmonary Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could the Lung Be a Gateway for Amphotericin B to Attack the Army of Fungi?

Patricio

Pereira²,

Sarcinelli

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fungal diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. Aspergillus, Pneumocystis, and Cryptococcus are opportunistic fungi and may cause severe lung disease. They can develop mechanisms to evade the host immune system and colonize or cause lung disease. Current fungal infection treatments constitute a few classes of antifungal drugs with significant fungi resistance development. Amphotericin B (AmB) has a broad-spectrum antifungal effect with a low incidence of resistance. However, AmB is a highly lipophilic antifungal with low solubility and permeability and is unstable in light, heat, and oxygen. Due to the difficulty of achieving adequate concentrations of AmB in the lung by intravenous administration and seeking to minimize adverse effects, nebulized AmB has been used. The pulmonary pathway has advantages such as its rapid onset of action, low metabolic activity at the site of action, ability to avoid first-pass hepatic metabolism, lower risk of adverse effects, and thin thickness of the alveolar epithelium. This paper presented different strategies for pulmonary AmB delivery, detailing the potential of nanoformulation and hoping to foster research in the field. Our finds indicate that despite an optimistic scenario for the pulmonary formulation of AmB based on the encouraging results discussed here, there is still no product registration on the FDA nor any clinical trial undergoing ClinicalTrial.gov.

show abstract

Section: Current Treatment For Fungal Pulmonary Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could the Lung Be a Gateway for Amphotericin B to Attack the Army of Fungi?

Patricio

Pereira²,

Sarcinelli

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Contamination with oropharynx secretions is a frequent issue. If sputum evaluation fails to identify causative factors, definitive identification is required for successful patient treatment [1]. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a diagnostic procedure by which cells and other components from bronchial and alveolar spaces are obtained for various studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Bacterial Profile and Antibiogram of Bronchoalveolar Lavages in Pulmonary Infections at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Swapna

RathodS.P

et al. 2023

Int J Curr Pharm Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are one of the common clinical problems in community and hospital settings and the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality. In pulmonary infections, BAL fluid sample has high sensitivity and reliability in diagnosis. To determine the distribution of bacterial isolates in BAL samples and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: The study was conducted on 218 BAL samples received in the microbiology laboratory, Andhra Medical College from various wards of King George Hospital; Visakhapatnam; Andhra Pradesh, over a period of one year (from January 2022 to December 2022). All samples were processed according to standard microbiology protocols. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the CLSI guidelines 2022. Results: Total 218 BAL samples were studied. Among 218 BAL samples, 144(66%) samples were from male patients and 74(34%) samples from female patients. Out of 218 samples, 119(55%) were culture positive and 99(45%) were culture negative. Among 119 bacterial isolates, most predominant pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae 51(42.8%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 46(38.6%), Escherichia coli 11(9.2%), Enterobacter species 6(5.0%), Acinetobacter species 3(2.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus 2(1.68%). Out of these isolated pathogens, Gram-negative bacilli were more. These gram-negative isolates were most sensitive to Piperacillin-Tazobactam (74.3%) followed by Meropenem (71.7%), Amikacin (60.6%) and least sensitive to Ceftazidime (39.3%) and Cefotaxime (37.6%). Conclusion: The present study shows that gram-negative bacilli were more commonly isolated in BAL samples and the bacterial isolates were most sensitive to Piperacillin-Tazobactam and Meropenem and highly resistance to Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime. Hence, formulating a regular antibiogram in hospitals will help in developing local antibiotic policies, which may provide better patient management and judicious use of antibiotics by clinicians to prevent the risk of the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens.

show abstract

“…[ 88 ] For lung infection, examining sputum sample microscopically and culturing expectorants remain the major method for diagnosis because of its simplicity, quickness, and low cost. [ 89 ] However, sputum examination may not be able to detect infections due to false negative results and contamination issues, more invasive methods can be used for sampling such as pulmonary endoscopy (e.g., bronchoscopy), transthoracic needle aspiration, and surgical biopsy of lung parenchyma. Similarly, culture, histology, nucleic acid test, and antigen testing allow the detection of suspected pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilms: Formation, Research Models, Potential Targets, and Methods for Prevention and Treatment

Yrastorza

Matis

et al. 2022

Advanced Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the continuous rise in biofilm‐related infections, biofilms seriously threaten human health. The formation of biofilms makes conventional antibiotics ineffective and dampens immune clearance. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of biofilm formation and develop novel strategies to treat biofilms more effectively. This review article begins with an introduction to biofilm formation in various clinical scenarios and their corresponding therapy. Established biofilm models used in research are then summarized. The potential targets which may assist in the development of new strategies for combating biofilms are further discussed. The novel technologies developed recently for the prevention and treatment of biofilms including antimicrobial surface coatings, physical removal of biofilms, development of new antimicrobial molecules, and delivery of antimicrobial agents are subsequently presented. Finally, directions for future studies are pointed out.

show abstract

Diagnosis and Management of Lung Infections

Cited by 10 publications

References 104 publications

Could the Lung Be a Gateway for Amphotericin B to Attack the Army of Fungi?

Could the Lung Be a Gateway for Amphotericin B to Attack the Army of Fungi?

Aerobic Bacterial Profile and Antibiogram of Bronchoalveolar Lavages in Pulmonary Infections at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Biofilms: Formation, Research Models, Potential Targets, and Methods for Prevention and Treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About