Diagnosis and Management of Mycobacteriosis in a Colony of Little Penguins (Eudyptula Minor)

Rivas, Anne E.; Hollinger, Charlotte; Oehler, David A.; Robbe‐Austerman, Suelee; Paré, Jean A.

doi:10.1638/2018-0190

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We did not observe similarities between environmental MINT and US CFCC isolates. Comparisons of US CFCC MINT isolates with zoonotic isolates identified similarity with isolates collected from a bird in a California zoo and the other from a penguin in a New York State zoo (35,39). Overall, 14/66 (21%) persons with CF and MINT had isolates with genetically similar matches to our non-CF isolate sample set.…”

Section: Mintmentioning

confidence: 67%

Population Genomics and Inference of Mycobacterium avium Complex Clusters in Cystic Fibrosis Care Centers, United States

Hasan¹,

Davidson²,

Epperson³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

N ontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous microorganisms found in indoor and outdoor habitats, including water, soil, and dust. NTM can infect susceptible persons, including those with lung diseases such as cystic fi brosis (CF) (1). Previous surveys conducted in the United States have found that Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) species are clinically relevant and the most frequently isolated NTM (2). MAC consists of 9 slow-growing mycobacterial species (3-6), of which the 2 most frequently observed are M. avium (MAV) and M. intracellulare, including its subspecies intracellulare (MINT) and subspecies chimaera (MCHIM) (4). In the United States, most persons with CF and positive NTM cultures (61%) had MAC species infections (2,7). MAC infections increased by 3% annually during 2010-2014.MAC pulmonary infections are probably acquired by inhalation of aerosols ( 8), but the sources and modes of transmission of MAC remain unclear. Studies using various molecular genotyping methods have shown MAC isolates from human airway samples to have high genetic similarity to isolates from animals (8-10), water (11,12), bathroom faucets (13), showerheads (14,15), pools (16), and soil (17). Other potential MAC infection sources include fomites, zoonotic sources, and contaminated materials (10,18). Despite the clinical relevance of MAC and its prevalence among persons with CF, the genomic relationships of MAC isolates and the potential for person-to-person transmission are poorly understood. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to analyze the genetic diversity of MAC is aimed at identifying MAC infections that cluster by high bacterial genomic sequence similarity, particularly in susceptible populations such as persons with CF. Unclustered isolates are unrelated and are therefore not implicated in transmission, but clustering between MAC isolates suggests that they are derived from the same source (i.e., shared water, surfaces, or person-to-person transmission). To this end, we analyzed the WGS of NTM isolates

show abstract

Section: Mintmentioning

confidence: 67%

Population Genomics and Inference of Mycobacterium avium Complex Clusters in Cystic Fibrosis Care Centers, United States

Hasan¹,

Davidson²,

Epperson³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In case 4, no wall was observed around the defects, and despite the lack of treatment, there were no changes in the size of the defects after 7 months, and no clinical signs manifested. It has been reported that mycobacterial pulmonary nodules in the lungs of penguins change to an open defect following successful treatment with anti-mycobacterial medications [ 13 ]. The pulmonary defects of case 4 were considered not clinically significant based on the lack of outward evidence of difficulty breathing in spite of their presence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although endoscopic examination allows direct visualization of nodules and plaques in the air sac [ 16 ], it is employed cautiously in penguins because it is invasive [ 1 ]. Radiographic examination is noninvasive; however, radiographic lesions are only appreciated with affecting at least one-third of the lung, and thus, radiography is unlikely to yield a diagnosis until disease severity has progressed [ 13 ]. Although CT examination requires general anesthesia, this procedure is otherwise noninvasive, and it can provide diagnostic information in penguins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characteristic imaging findings of the respiratory system in penguins with suspected aspergillosis in an aquarium

Itoh

Toyotome

Matsumoto³

et al. 2020

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Twenty penguins, including the King penguin ( Aptenodytes patagonicus ), Gentoo penguin ( Pygoscelis papua ), and African penguin ( Spheniscus demersus ), housed at an aquarium in Hokkaido, Japan, underwent regular health screening via blood test, and five penguins with suspected aspergillosis were extracted. In cases 1 and 2, a thickened membrane and/or fluid level and/or calcification in the air sac were observed on both radiography and computed tomography (CT). These two penguins died after 19 and 43 days, respectively. At the time the radiographic changes were observed, the disease had likely progressed to a point at which it was too late for recovery. Aspergillus fumigatus infection was confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis in case 1. In case 3, infiltration in the pulmonary parenchyma was observed on CT, and the infiltration disappeared following oral administration of itraconazole as diagnostic therapy for 8 months. In case 4, defects in the pulmonary parenchyma were observed only on CT. These defects remained unchanged in size for 7 months despite the lack of any treatment, and were not considered clinically significant. However, the blood antigen level in case 5 was increased, both radiography and CT were unremarkable. The combination of a screening blood test and CT examination could be useful clues for an early diagnosis of aspergillosis as well as for initiating treatment.

show abstract

“…To provide context for each the isolates sequenced for each species in this study, datasets consisting of published sequenced isolates were assembled (S2 Table) (12,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49). Sequence data were downloaded from the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and trimmed; Sample QC, mapping and phylogenetic tree construction were performed as detailed above.…”

Section: Global Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) genomics and transmission in a London hospital

Tonder

Ellis

Churchward

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental microorganisms and opportunistic pathogens in individuals with pre-existing lung conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis (BX). Whilst recent studies of Mycobacterium abscessus have identified transmission within single CF centres as well as nationally and globally, transmission of other NTM species is less well studied. We sequenced 1000 Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) isolates from CF and non-CF patients at the Royal Brompton Hospital (RBH), London. Epidemiological links were identified from patient records. Previously published genomes were used to characterise global population structures. Analysis of the three most predominant MAC species identified putative transmission clusters that contained patients with CF, BX and other lung conditions, although few epidemiological links could be identified. For M. avium, lineages were largely limited to single countries, whilst for M. chimaera, global transmission clusters previously associated with heater cooler units (HCUs) were found. However, the origin of the major HCU-associated outbreak was a lineage already circulating in patients with pre-existing lung conditions. CF and non-CF patients share transmission chains even in the presence of CF patient-focussed hospital control measures, although the lack of epidemiological links suggests that most transmission is indirect and may be due to environmental foci or else asymptomatic carriage in the wider population. The major HCU-associated M. chimaera lineage being derived from an already circulating lineage, suggests that HCUs are not the sole vector nor the ultimate source of this lineage. Future studies should include sampling of environmental reservoirs and potential asymptomatic carriers.

show abstract

Diagnosis and Management of Mycobacteriosis in a Colony of Little Penguins (Eudyptula Minor)

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Population Genomics and Inference of Mycobacterium avium Complex Clusters in Cystic Fibrosis Care Centers, United States

Population Genomics and Inference of Mycobacterium avium Complex Clusters in Cystic Fibrosis Care Centers, United States

Characteristic imaging findings of the respiratory system in penguins with suspected aspergillosis in an aquarium

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) genomics and transmission in a London hospital

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About