Diagnosis and management of paediatric concussion

Bressan, Silvia; Babl, Franz E

doi:10.1111/jpc.12967

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) is a term used to describe a constellation of symptoms across emotional, somatic and cognitive domains by approximately 50% of patients with mild TBI [ 6 , 7 ]. Although PCS typically resolves within 3 months of injury for the majority of patients, some develop persistent PCS [ 6 , 7 ]. However, the symptoms of PCS are nonspecific and also found in patients with traumatic injuries to areas of the body other than the head [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Exposure to Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids Exacerbates Axonal Injury and Microgliosis in the CHIMERA Mouse Model of Repetitive Concussion

et al. 2016

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Concussion is a serious health concern. Concussion in athletes is of particular interest with respect to the relationship of concussion exposure to risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative condition associated with altered cognitive and psychiatric functions and profound tauopathy. However, much remains to be learned about factors other than cumulative exposure that could influence concussion pathogenesis. Approximately 20% of CTE cases report a history of substance use including androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS). How acute, chronic, or historical AAS use may affect the vulnerability of the brain to concussion is unknown. We therefore tested whether antecedent AAS exposure in young, male C57Bl/6 mice affects acute behavioral and neuropathological responses to mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced with the CHIMERA (Closed Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration) platform. Male C57Bl/6 mice received either vehicle or a cocktail of three AAS (testosterone, nandrolone and 17α-methyltestosterone) from 8–16 weeks of age. At the end of the 7th week of treatment, mice underwent two closed-head TBI or sham procedures spaced 24 h apart using CHIMERA. Post-repetitive TBI (rTBI) behavior was assessed for 7 d followed by tissue collection. AAS treatment induced the expected physiological changes including increased body weight, testicular atrophy, aggression and downregulation of brain 5-HT1B receptor expression. rTBI induced behavioral deficits, widespread axonal injury and white matter microgliosis. While AAS treatment did not worsen post-rTBI behavioral changes, AAS-treated mice exhibited significantly exacerbated axonal injury and microgliosis, indicating that AAS exposure can alter neuronal and innate immune responses to concussive TBI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Exposure to Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids Exacerbates Axonal Injury and Microgliosis in the CHIMERA Mouse Model of Repetitive Concussion

et al. 2016

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“…Sports can have a significant causative association with concussions. There are 4,000,000 sports-related concussions in the United States annually [ 3 ]. A recent study reported practice and game concussion incidence rate in eight to 12-year-olds to be 0.24 and 6.16 per 1000 athlete-exposures [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of the CDC “Heads Up!” to Youth Sports Campaign among Pediatric Sports Coaches: A Pilot Survey Study

Stead¹,

Rastogi²,

Hedna³

et al. 2016

Cureus

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Objectives:This study sought to: 1) estimate the penetrance (in terms of youth coaches being aware of them) of the CDC “Heads Up!” guidelines, 2) determine whether these guidelines changed the coaches’ practice, and 3) understand whether these guidelines resulted in a perceived decrease in the number of concussions.Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey of pediatric sports coaches in the United States designed to assess the impact of the CDC "Heads Up!" guidelines. “Heads Up!” Concussion in Youth Sports is a free, online course available to coaches, parents, and others helping to keep athletes safe from concussions. The “Heads Up!” fact sheet provides important information on preventing, recognizing, and responding to a concussion.Results:Half the cohort had heard of the CDC “Heads Up!” campaign. Fifty-five percent of the cohort thought that pediatric concussions in youth sports was a “big deal” (rated on a Likert scale from 1-10). Coaches who were also parents (58%) were significantly more likely to have heard of the campaign (P=0.0032, 95% CI=0.1153-0.5513). Having heard of the “Heads Up!” campaign was significantly associated with how important coaches thought pediatric concussions are (P=0.0133, 95% CI=0.0590-0.4960), as was higher income of the coaches (P=0.0100), and this was significantly correlated with the coach being more likely to call the athlete’s parent at injury (P=0.0030, 95% CI=0.1160-0.5471). Coaches of football/soccer were significantly more likely to think pediatric concussions were a “big deal” (P=0.0021,95% CI=0.1374-0.5947). More than a third of coaches 35% reported that the “Heads Up!” campaign decreased the number of concussions on their team.

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“…An estimated 125,000 youths in Canada and 750,000 in the United States will sustain concussions annually [ 2 , 3 ]. Typical signs and symptoms of a concussion include headaches, nausea, dizziness (or fogginess), and sensitivity to light or noise [ 4 ]. For most children, recovery occurs within 1 to 4 weeks after the injury [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Knowledge, Self-confidence, and Usability Evaluation of a Web-Based Infographic for Pediatric Concussion: Multimethod Study

Campbell¹,

Hartling²,

Plourde³

et al. 2022

JMIR Pediatr Parent

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Background Concussions, which are known as mild traumatic brain injuries, are complex injuries caused by direct or indirect blows to the head and are increasingly being recognized as a significant public health concern for children and their families. Previous research has identified few studies examining the efficacy of educational interventions on parental concussion knowledge. The aim of this research was to actively work together with children who have experienced a concussion and their parents to develop, refine, and evaluate the usability of a web-based infographic for pediatric concussion. Objective The objective of this study was to report on the usability of the infographic, parental knowledge, and self-confidence in pediatric concussion knowledge before and after exposure to the infographic. Methods A multiphase, multimethod research design using patient engagement techniques was used to develop a web-based infographic. For this phase of the research (usability, knowledge, and confidence evaluation), parents who could communicate in English were recruited via social media platforms and invited to complete web-based questionnaires. Electronic preintervention and postintervention questionnaires were administered to parents to assess changes to concussion knowledge and confidence after viewing the infographic. A usability questionnaire with 11 items was also completed. Results A web-based, infographic was developed. The infographic is intended for parents and children and incorporates information that parents and children identified as both wants and needs about concussion alongside the best available research evidence on pediatric concussion. A total of 31 surveys were completed by parents. The mean scores for each item on the usability surveys ranged from 8.03 (SD 1.70) to 9.26 (SD 1.09) on a 10-point Likert scale, indicating that the usability components of the infographic were largely positive. There was no statistically significant difference between preintervention and postintervention knowledge scores (Z=−0.593; P=.55; both preintervention and postintervention knowledge scores had a median of 9 out of 10). In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between preintervention (mean 3.9/5, SD 0.56) and postintervention (mean 4.4/5, SD 0.44) confidence in knowledge scores (t30=−5.083; P<.001). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that parents positively rated a web-based, infographic for pediatric concussion. In addition, although there was no statistically significant difference overall in parents’ knowledge scores before and after viewing the infographic, their confidence in their knowledge did significantly increase. These results suggest that using a web-based infographic as a knowledge translation intervention may be useful in increasing parents’ confidence in managing their child’s concussion.

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Diagnosis and management of paediatric concussion

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Chronic Exposure to Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids Exacerbates Axonal Injury and Microgliosis in the CHIMERA Mouse Model of Repetitive Concussion

Chronic Exposure to Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids Exacerbates Axonal Injury and Microgliosis in the CHIMERA Mouse Model of Repetitive Concussion

Awareness of the CDC “Heads Up!” to Youth Sports Campaign among Pediatric Sports Coaches: A Pilot Survey Study

Parental Knowledge, Self-confidence, and Usability Evaluation of a Web-Based Infographic for Pediatric Concussion: Multimethod Study

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