Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Enteritis in Neonatal and Juvenile Ruminants

Abstract

Common causes of infectious enteritis in neonate and juvenile ruminants include viral, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens. The most common presenting sign in ruminants with infectious enteritis is diarrhea. Diagnosis of the cause of enteritis has important zoonotic and herd health implications. Severity of clinical signs with similar pathogens may differ between calves and small ruminants. Treatment of enteritis involves supportive care to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances, provision of nutritional support for neonates, prevention and treatment of endotoxemia or sepsis, and pathogen-specific treatments when relevant and available.

Investigation of immunoglobulin (IgE, IgA, IgG, IgM) concentrations in calves naturally infected with coccidiosis

“…In this study, the findings we obtained regarding the increase of Hb value in calves infected with coccidiosis were found to be parallel to the findings of the researchers (Knowles et al, 2000;Bangoura and Daugschies, 2007), but this increase was not found to be statistically significant. Contrary to the findings of the researchers (Knowles et al, 2000;Bangoura and Daugschies, 2007;Heller and Chiwerge, 2018), the Hct values of the calves with coccidiosis were found to be higher (P<0.05) compared to the control group. It is reported that MCV concentration is low (Bangoura and Daugschies, 2007) in experimental Eimeria zuernii infection in calves and MCV concentration is high in the group with severe oocyst.…”

“…However, decreases in these values were not statistically significant. Decreases in TP and Alb values are similar to the findings of the researchers (Bangoura et al, 2007;Schneider et al, 2013;Heller and Chiwerge, 2018) although they do not have a significant value. In another study (Bangoura et al, 2007), in experimental research, calves were infected orally with 150,000 sported E. zuernii oocytes (moderate infection) and 250,000 sported E. zuernii oocytes (severe infection) per calf, respectively.…”

“…It has been reported that serum Hct values decrease simultaneously as a result of blood loss or anemia occurring in gastrointestinal system infections of newborn and adult ruminants (Heller and Chiwerge, 2018). In our study, although calves with coccidiosis were not considered statistically significant, a decrease in TP was detected.…”

“…It is reported that in cattle with coccidiosis, Hb concentration is increased and Hct value is low (Knowles et al, 2000;Bangoura and Daugschies, 2007). In another study, it has been reported that Hct value decreases as a result of blood loss or anemia that occurs in gastrointestinal system infections of newborn and adult ruminants (Heller and Chiwerge, 2018). It is reported that there are differences in Hb and Hct values between the calves and control calves (Bangoura and Daugschies, 2007).…”

“…Bangoura et al (2007) has been reported that the TP and Alb levels of calves infected experimentally with E. zuernii oocysts are lower than the control group. It has been reported that serum TP values decrease in the gastrointestinal tract infections of newborn and adult ruminants as a result of blood loss or anemia (Heller and Chiwerge, 2018). In the current study, it was found that the TP and Alb levels of the calves with coccidiosis were lower than the healthy control group.…”