Diagnosis and treatment of persons with acute thallium poisoning

Zavaliy, L. B.; Петриков, С. С.; Simonova, A. Yu.; Potskhveriya, M. M.; Zaker, Fahimehsadat; Ostapenko, Yu. N.; Ilyashenko, K. K.; Dikaya, Tatyana I.; Shakhova, O. B.; Евсеев, А. К.; Rezaee, Ramin; Goroncharovskaya, I. V.

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.013

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The effects of Tl toxicity in human beings arise after a couple of weeks from its administration, with alopecia being the main symptom, firstly with hair loss, then complete baldness, followed by axillary and pubic hair loss. Thallium poisoning becomes troubling when other symptoms occur such as gastrointestinal problems (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea), peripheral and central nervous system disorders (dysesthesia, ataxia, tremors, convulsions, paralysis, sleeplessness, hallucinations, and delirium), and cardiac problems, such as tachycardia and hypotension, lethargy, and coma) [33,34].…”

Section: Thallium Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thallium Use, Toxicity, and Detoxification Therapy: An Overview

et al. 2021

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Thallium (Tl) is released into the environment, where is present at very low levels, from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Tl is considered as one of the most toxic heavy metals; it is a non-essential metal, present in low concentrations in humans. Tl toxicity causes dermatological and gastrointestinal diseases and disorders of the nervous system, and may even result in death. Many isotopes of Tl exist, with different uses. One of the isotopes of this metal (201Tl) is used in cardiovascular scintigraphy and for the diagnosis of malignant tumors such as breast or lung cancer and osteosarcoma bone cancer. Many Tl compounds are tasteless, colorless, and odorless. Due to these characteristics and their high toxicity, they have been used as poisons in suicides and murders for criminal purposes, as well as instances of accidental poisoning. Impaired glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress, and disruption of potassium-regulated homeostasis may play a role in the mechanism of Tl toxicity. Solanum nigrum L. and Callitriche cophocarpa have been suggested as promising agents for the phytoremediation of Tl. In addition, macrocyclic compounds such as crown ethers (18-crown-6) are good candidates to absorb Tl from wastewater. Through this review, we present an update to general information about the uses and toxicity of Tl. Furthermore, the attention is focused on detoxification therapies.

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Section: Thallium Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac symptoms [33,34] Coma Hypotension Lethargy Tachycardia Dermatological symptoms [34] Alopecia (after about 3 weeks) Anhidrosis Hypohidrosis Mees lines on the nails (after about 1 month)…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thallium Use, Toxicity, and Detoxification Therapy: An Overview

et al. 2021

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“…Finally, this study evaluated a wide range of concentrations, including the Tl concentrations found in the blood or urine of intoxicated people, which reached values of 8.3–880 μg/L and 68–42,000 μg/L or greater, respectively [ 19 , 55 , 56 ]. Additionally, we believe that high concentrations must be tested because Tl accumulates in different tissues and may be found at even higher concentrations than those detected in biological fluids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of two thallium compounds using the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test

Reyes-Rodríguez

Santos-Cruz

García-Castro

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Thallium (Tl) is a heavy and toxic metal and a byproduct of several human activities, such as cement production, mining, and coal combustion. Thallium is found in fruits, vegetables, and animal fodder with high Tl contamination; therefore, it is an environmental pollution issue and a toxicological contamination problem for human beings and other organisms when exposed to it. The mutagenic potential of Tl and its compounds is controversial, and there are few in vivo studies on its effects. We conducted the animal bioassay Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) to test for genotoxicity and assessed the genotoxic effects of Tl acetate (TlCH 3 COO) and Tl sulfate (Tl 2 SO 4 ) on Drosophila melanogaster. Third instar larvae from the SMART standard cross (ST) were fed Tl acetate [0.2, 2, 20, 200, 600 and 1200 μM] and Tl sulfate [0.2, 2, 20, 200, and 600 μM]. Hexavalent chromium [CrO 3 , 500 μM] served as the positive control, and Milli-Q water served as the negative control. Only the high Tl 2 SO 4 [600 μM] concentration resulted in genotoxicity with 87.6% somatic recombination, and both salts disrupted cell division of wing imaginal disc cells, showing the expected cytotoxic effects. Genotoxic risks due to high metal levels by bioaccumulation of Tl þ1 or its compounds require further evaluation with other in vivo and in vitro assays.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physico-chemical properties of the thallium like colorless, partially water soluble and tasteless along with its affordability makes it a pick for malicious criminal purposes. The oral dose of 10-15 mg/kg body weight in humans may prove to be lethal (Zavaliy et al, 2021).Fatal as well as survival thallium toxicity is also reported in the pet or companion animals. The wide spectrum clinical manifestations of thallium poisoning mainly include painful severe gastroenteritis, neurological, dermatological (alopecia…”

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confidence: 99%

Thallium Induced Sub-chronic Toxicity Profile in Wistar Rats

Sindhi

Raval

Singh

et al. 2022

ijvsbt

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Thallium (Tl) is one of the most toxic heavy metals affecting both humans and animals, yet is one of the least studied for its toxicological effects. A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four Groups with 10 rats in each Group. Group I received distilled water only and served as a control. Group II, III, and IV received thallium sulfate (I) at 0.48, 0.93, and 1.33 mg/kg body weight, respectively, in drinking water for 90 days. In Group IV rats, lethargy, dehydration, weakness, mild diarrhea, weight loss and 100% morality in male Wistar rat were noted. Group II and III rats showed significant reduction in cholesterol, phosphorus, triglyceride level, and absolute and relative spleen weight. Microscopically, thallium sulfate (I) found to cause lymphoid depletion in white pulp of spleen in all treatment Groups. In kidney of Group IV rats, tubular necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolation or clearing of tubules, cast, and thrombosis were found. Dose dependent hyperkeratosis was found in non-glandular stomach in all three treated Groups. In conclusion, spleen, kidney and stomach were primarily affected organs in sub-chronic thallium toxicity.

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Diagnosis and treatment of persons with acute thallium poisoning

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Thallium Use, Toxicity, and Detoxification Therapy: An Overview

Thallium Use, Toxicity, and Detoxification Therapy: An Overview

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of two thallium compounds using the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test

Thallium Induced Sub-chronic Toxicity Profile in Wistar Rats

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