Diagnosis and treatment of syphilis: 2019 Belgian National guideline for primary care

Jespers, Vicky; Stordeur, Sabine; Carville, Serena; Crucitti, Tania; Dufraimont, Els; Kenyon, Chris; Libois, Agnès; Mokrane, Saphia; Berghe, Wim Vanden

doi:10.1080/17843286.2020.1773112

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Reference of relevant articles and reviews were also screened for additional publications. 26 publications 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 in English or Chinese about neurosyphilis diagnostic guidelines were identified. The details for 26 publications are given in Supplementary Table S4 , from which six diagnostic guidelines (China 2020, 18 selected as a representative of Asia; Europe 2020, 23 selected as a representative of Europe; Australia 2022, 21 selected as a representative of Oceania; and UpToDate 2020, 19 US CDC 2018 (Case Definitions), 16 US 2021 (Treatment Guidelines) 17 selected as representatives of America) were identified ( Supplementary Table S1 ); we were unable to identify a guideline from Africa.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients with syphilis: development, validation, and clinical utility of a suite of machine learning models

Zou

Weng

et al. 2023

eClinicalMedicine

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients with syphilis: development, validation, and clinical utility of a suite of machine learning models

Zou

Weng

et al. 2023

eClinicalMedicine

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“…As a result, the diagnosis of this pathology becomes a challenge for the professional, delaying the diagnosis or missing it [30] . The infectious ulcer (chancre), the sign of the primary disease, develops after an incubation of usually 3 weeks (range 10 to 90 days) and resolves 3 to 8 weeks later [31] . Classically, the chancre is found in the anogenital region, is single, painless and indurated with a clean base that discharges a clear serum.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, chancres can be multiple, painful, purulent, destructive, extra-genital (most often oral) and can cause Follman's syphilitic balanitis [26] . Without treatment, 25% of patients develop signs of secondary syphilis [31] . Secondary syphilis is characterized by multi-systemic involvement during the first two years of infection, with manifestations first appearing about eight weeks after transmission.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, it presents symptoms such as headache, lacrimation, nasal discharge, pharyngitis, generalized arthralgia and myalgia [32] . Secondary syphilis resolves spontaneously in 3-12 weeks and the disease enters an asymptomatic latent stage [31] . Approximately one-third of untreated patients will subsequently develop symptomatic late syphilis.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treponema pallidum, an odontological point of view

Arizpe¹,

Magaña²,

Ruiz³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

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Introduction: Syphilis is a systemic infection of sexual, blood transfusion or transplacental transmission caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Objective: To analyze the literature on the epidemiology, diagnostic methods, clinical and oral manifestations and treatment of Treponema pallidum. Methodology: A literature review was carried out in the PubMed database with the words "Treponema pallidum", together with "epidemiology", "diagnosis", "clinical manifestations", "oral manifestations" and "treatment". Results: It is estimated that each year there are 12 million new cases of syphilis worldwide and more than 90% are from developing countries. Direct detection and serological tests are the available options for identification. Infectious ulceration is the sign of primary disease, while secondary disease is characterized by multisystem involvement. Late syphilis involves neurosyphilis, cardiovascular syphilis and gummatous syphilis, which may coexist. The oral manifestation presents as one or more ulcers depending on the stage. The main treatment for syphilis is penicillin, although its effectiveness will depend on the stage of the disease. Conclusions: Due to its increasing incidence, it is of great relevance that the dentist is familiar with the clinical appearance, especially oral, of this pathology for early diagnosis and treatment.

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A retrospective evaluation of the Euroarray STI-11 multiplex system for the detection of eight STI causing agents

Dichtl¹,

Osterman²,

Förster³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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With an incidence of more than > 1,000,000/day, sexually transmitted diseases remain a major challenge for health care systems worldwide. To reduce disease burden, complications, and spread, rapid diagnosis permitting early therapy is pivotal. The range of pathogens is wide and co-infections are common. This complicates pre-analytics, which are based on different laboratory techniques with potentially long turnaround times, e.g., cultivation and multistep serologies. Multiplex PCR provides the opportunity to overcome these limitations. In this study, we evaluated a novel assay, the Euroarray STI-11 microarray (EA; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika), for the detection of eight obligate or facultative pathogens. Three-hundred-thirteen clinical specimens, which had been tested and pre-characterized for STI causing agents as part of routine diagnostics, were used as cases and controls in this retrospective study. The EA detected 34/44 Chlamydia trachomatis, 48/50 HSV-1, 50/50 HSV-2, 48/48 Mycoplasma hominis, 45/47 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 9/11 Treponema pallidum, 46/46 Ureaplasma parvum, and 49/49 Ureaplasma urealyticum infections, respectively. 293 samples were EA positive, with polymicrobial infections (positive for two to six microbial or viral agents) detected in 130/293 cases. Specificities were 100% in the respective control groups (n = 18–48 depending on targeted pathogen) except for N. gonorrhoeae (25/26) and U. urealyticum (44/45). The broad spectrum of obligate and facultative pathogens targeted by the EA makes it a valuable tool in the setting of STI diagnostics and surveillance. The test has the potential to diagnose diseases neglected or overlooked in routine clinical practice. Besides a low sensitivity for C. trachomatis, the EA demonstrated high performance for all analyzed parameters. Further studies are warranted in order to capture a larger variety of the tested pathogens.

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Diagnosis and treatment of syphilis: 2019 Belgian National guideline for primary care

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Diagnosis of neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients with syphilis: development, validation, and clinical utility of a suite of machine learning models

Diagnosis of neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients with syphilis: development, validation, and clinical utility of a suite of machine learning models

Treponema pallidum, an odontological point of view

A retrospective evaluation of the Euroarray STI-11 multiplex system for the detection of eight STI causing agents

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