Diagnosis of Adjustment Disorder: Reliability of Its Clinical Use and Long-Term Stability

Jäger, Markus; Burger, Daniel; Becker, Thomas; Frasch, Karel

doi:10.1159/000336048

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Some research using previous criteria regarding the course of AjD stems from clinical samples. Readmission rates for patients with AjD seem to be relatively low in general (5 years: 19.8%; Jäger, Burger, Becker, & Frasch, 2012) and when compared to affective disorders (1 year: 6.9% vs. 13.7%; Jones, Yates, & Zhou, 2002). However, when readmitted, 50% of the patients were rehospitalized with a more severe disorder (Jäger et al, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

The Course of Adjustment Disorder Following Involuntary Job Loss and Its Predictors of Latent Change

Lorenz

Perkonigg

Maercker

2018

Clinical Psychological Science

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Adjustment disorders (AjDs) usually resolve after the precipitating life event and its consequences are terminated. However, they bear the risk for the development of severe mental illness. The present study investigates the natural course of AjD as defined for International Classification of Diseases, 11th version (ICD-11). A total of 303 individuals who involuntarily lost their jobs were assessed initially after the job loss and 6 months later. Latent class latent change analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed. Two groups showed low (n = 149, 49.2%) and medium (n = 108, 35.6%) symptom severity at initial assessment that declined over time. The third group (n = 46, 15.2%) showed a high initial response and a small effect of worsening of symptoms. Female gender, higher age, first dismissal, impaired social functioning, dysfunctional disclosure, less social support, and less social acknowledgment were associated with belonging to the latter group. It might be beneficial to target individuals at high risk with interventions that aim at the improvement of skills relevant for stress management. AbstractAdjustment disorders (AjD) usually resolve after the precipitating life event and its consequences are terminated. However, they bear the risk for the development of severe mental illness. The present study investigates the natural course of AjD as defined for ICD-11. N=303 individuals who involuntarily lost their jobs were assessed initially after the job loss and 6 months later. Latent class latent change analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed. Two groups showed low (n=149, 49.2%) and medium (n=108, 35.6%) symptom severity at initial assessment that declined over time. The third group (n=46, 15.2%) showed a high initial response and a small of worsening of symptoms. Gender, age, first dismissal, impaired social functioning, dysfunctional disclosure, social support, and social acknowledgement were associated with belonging to the latter group. It might be beneficial to target individuals at high risk with interventions that aim at the improvement of skills relevant for stress management.

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mentioning

confidence: 91%

The Course of Adjustment Disorder Following Involuntary Job Loss and Its Predictors of Latent Change

Lorenz

Perkonigg

Maercker

2018

Clinical Psychological Science

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“…This makes AjD a disorder with an essential benign outcome and spontaneous remission by definition. A few studies that investigated readmission rates for AjD cases in clinical settings support this concept (Jäger, Burger, Becker, & Frasch, 2012;Jones, Yates, & Zhou, 2002). However, AjD is also associated with an elevated risk for concurrent or subsequent mental disorders and for suicidality (Casey & Doherty, 2012;Gradus et al, 2010;O'Donnell et al, 2016) and the definition of the 6-months' period is still based on little to no empirical evidence.…”

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confidence: 99%

The 12-month course of ICD-11 adjustment disorder in the context of involuntary job loss

Lorenz

Maercker

Bachem

2020

Clin. Psychol. Eur.

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Background After its redefinition in ICD-11, adjustment disorder (AjD) comprises two core symptom clusters of preoccupations and failure to adapt to the stressor. Only a few studies investigate the course of AjD over time and the definition of six months until the remission of the disorder is based on little to no empirical evidence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the course of AjD symptoms and symptom clusters over time and to longitudinally evaluate predictors of AjD symptom severity. Method A selective sample of the Zurich Adjustment Disorder Study, N = 105 individuals who experienced involuntary job loss and reported either high or low symptom severity at first assessment (t1), were assessed M = 3.4 (SD = 2.1) months after the last day at work, and followed up six (t2) and twelve months (t3) later. They completed a fully structured diagnostic interview for AjD and self-report questionnaires. Results The prevalence of AjD was 21.9% at t1, 6.7% at t2, and dropped to 2.9% at t3. All individual symptoms and symptom clusters showed declines in prevalence rates across the three assessments. A hierarchical regression analysis of symptoms at t3 revealed that more symptoms at the first assessment (β = 0.32, p = .002) and the number of new life events between the first assessment and t3 (β = 0.29, p = .004) significantly predicted the number of AjD symptoms at t3. Conclusion Although prevalence rates of AjD declined over time, a significant proportion of individuals still experienced AjD symptoms after six months. Future research should focus on the specific mechanisms underlying the course of AjD.

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“…Moreover, Jäger et al 25 reported that there is a dramatic divergence between the clinical diagnosis and ICD-10 criteria that challenges the validity and usefulness of ICD-10. According to these evidences it seems that DSM-V checklist is currently the most reliable tool to screen adjustment disorder.…”

Section: Screening For Adjustment Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological defense mechanisms among individuals with SCI with adjustment disorder

Ghazwin

Tavakoli

Latifi

et al. 2016

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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Diagnosis of Adjustment Disorder: Reliability of Its Clinical Use and Long-Term Stability

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

The Course of Adjustment Disorder Following Involuntary Job Loss and Its Predictors of Latent Change

The Course of Adjustment Disorder Following Involuntary Job Loss and Its Predictors of Latent Change

The 12-month course of ICD-11 adjustment disorder in the context of involuntary job loss

Psychological defense mechanisms among individuals with SCI with adjustment disorder

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