Diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma with hypercortisolism in a patient presenting with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Abstract

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with an estimated annual incidence of 0.7–2 cases per million. Most patients present with steroid hormone excess or abdominal mass effects, but 15% of patients with ACC are diagnosed incidentally. A careful history, physical exam, and pertinent lab investigations are necessary to reach the diagnosis. Surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment in localized ACC; however, systemic chemotherapy with mitotane is preferred in patients with widespread disease or those who are not ideal candidates for surgery.