Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease in an Exhumed Decomposed Brain After Twenty Months of Burial in a Deep Grave

Omalu, Bennet; Mancuso, Joseph A.; Cho, Patrick; Wecht, Cyril H.

doi:10.1520/jfs2005160

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This finding is confirmation of previously published studies demonstrating degradation of proteins with prolonged PMI (Ferrer et al 2007a;Crecelius et al 2008;Santpere et al 2006). However, it is notable that not all proteins degrade in a similar manner (Omalu et al 2005); therefore scientists should test the protein/enzyme of interest ahead for its sensitivity to degrade as consequence of pre-mortem of postmortem conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Methyl- and acetyltransferases are stable epigenetic markers postmortem

et al. 2010

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Postmortem brain tissue has been reported to be suitable to delineate regional pattern of possible disturbances underlying epigenetic functionality. However, from many parameters that have been detected in postmortem brain regions it is noteworthy that an effect of postmortem interval (PMI), storage time and premortem parameters should not be underestimated. Our previous investigation revealed that tryptophan (TRP) levels in postmortem brain tissue is affected by PMI and storage time. Since, alteration in TRP levels are assumed to be due to protein degradation, we further investigated whether TRP correlates to variables such as RNA, proteins and DNA modulators. In addition, we aimed to elucidate whether established postmortem variables may influence epigenetic parameters. These were investigated in well characterized postmortem human brain tissue originating from the European Brain Bank consortium II (BNEII). We could confirm previous findings, in which some protein levels alter because of prolonged PMI. Similarly, we demonstrated an influence of increased storage period on TRP levels, which might indicate degradation of proteins. Still not all proteins degrade in a similar manner, therefore a specific analysis for the protein of interest would be Camelia Maria Monoranu, Edna Grünblatt, contributed equally and to be considered as equal first authors. Isidro Ferrer, Peter Riederer, to be considered as equal last authors. Camelia Maria Monoranu, Edna Grünblatt, Safa Al-Saraj, Andrea Schmitt, Peter Falkai, Wolfgang Roggendorf, Isidro Ferrer, Peter Riederer-Member of BrainNet Europe II Consortium (BrainNet Europe http://www.brainneteurope.org).Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10561-010-9199-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 123Cell Tissue Bank (2011) 12:289-297 DOI 10.1007 recommended. We found that methyltransferase-and acetyltransferase-activities were relatively preserved with PMI and storage duration. In conclusion, preservation of acetyltransferase-and methyltransferaseactivities provides possible evidence of stability for epigenetic studies using postmortem tissue.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Methyl- and acetyltransferases are stable epigenetic markers postmortem

et al. 2010

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“…Other studies showed that stability of different microtubuli associated proteins and other antigens assessed by immunohistochemistry changes with increasing postmortem delay (0-72 h) and depends on storage temperature [5,11]. Recently, Alzheimer's disease has been successfully diagnosed in an exhumed decomposed human brain after 20 months of burial in a deep grave [15]. However, there are insufficient data on preservation of human brain tissue kept in situ for a prolonged time period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autopsy at 2 months after death: Brain is satisfactorily preserved for neuropathology

Gelpí

Preusser

Bauer

et al. 2007

Forensic Science International

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“…In some cases, such repetitive TBI exposure may lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative tauopathy. 3,4 Prevention of chronic symptomatologies and neurodegenerative disease after concussion is based on the avoidance of repeat exposure to TBI-producing events until patients become asymptomatic. This principle is at the root of several versions of return-to-play or combat guidelines issued by international conferences, clinical professional associations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US military (http://www.dvbic.org).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Diagnostic and Dispositional Tool after Mild-Moderate Blast Traumatic Brain Injury

Rodriguez

Schaefer

Wester

et al. 2016

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by explosive munitions, known as blast TBI, is the signature injury in recent military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Diagnostic evaluation of TBI, including blast TBI, is based on clinical history, symptoms, and neuropsychological testing, all of which can result in misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of this condition, particularly in the case of TBI of mild-to-moderate severity. Prognosis is currently determined by TBI severity, recurrence, and type of pathology, and also may be influenced by promptness of clinical intervention when more effective treatments become available. An important task is prevention of repetitive TBI, particularly when the patient is still symptomatic. For these reasons, the establishment of quantitative biological markers can serve to improve diagnosis and preventative or therapeutic management. In this study, we used a shock-tube model of blast TBI to determine whether manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) can serve as a tool to accurately and quantitatively diagnose mild-to-moderate blast TBI. Mice were subjected to a 30 psig blast and administered a single dose of MnCl2 intraperitoneally. Longitudinal T1-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h and at 14 and 28 days revealed a marked signal enhancement in the brain of mice exposed to blast, compared with sham controls, at nearly all time-points. Interestingly, when mice were protected with a polycarbonate body shield during blast exposure, the marked increase in contrast was prevented. We conclude that manganese uptake can serve as a quantitative biomarker for TBI and that MEMRI is a minimally-invasive quantitative approach that can aid in the accurate diagnosis and management of blast TBI. In addition, the prevention of the increased uptake of manganese by body protection strongly suggests that the exposure of an individual to blast risk could benefit from the design of improved body armor.

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Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease in an Exhumed Decomposed Brain After Twenty Months of Burial in a Deep Grave

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Methyl- and acetyltransferases are stable epigenetic markers postmortem

Methyl- and acetyltransferases are stable epigenetic markers postmortem

Autopsy at 2 months after death: Brain is satisfactorily preserved for neuropathology

Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Diagnostic and Dispositional Tool after Mild-Moderate Blast Traumatic Brain Injury

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