Diagnosis of botulism in water birds

Smith, G R; Oliphant, JC; Evans, E. O.

doi:10.1136/vr.112.19.457

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Sixteen samples of plasma or serum from 11 of the cases, 13 samples of intestinal contents or faeces from seven cases and seven silage samples were examined for C I botulinum toxin (Smith and Murray 1984). One serum sample from Case 4 (0.5 ml), when injected intraperitoneally after membrane filtration, into three mice, caused one to die within 24 h and, in the other two, 'wasp waist', respiratory distress and progressive paralysis were observed within 48 h. Wasp waist is a characteristic hour glass pinching-in of the waist, specifically seen in mice as the first toxic sign following intraperitoneal injection of CI botulinum toxin (Smith, Oliphence and Evans 1983). Neutralisation tests with antitoxins A, B, C, D and E were performed on five pairs of mice.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirteen cases of botulism in horses fed big bale silage

Ricketts

Greet

Glyn

et al. 1984

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary An outbreak of pharyngeal and limb paresis involving four horses and nine ponies in the south east of England is described. Nine of the animals died or were destroyed on humane grounds. The clinical features suggested a diagnosis of botulism and mouse innoculation tests confirmed the presence of type B toxin in the serum of one case. All animals were fed big bale silage. It is described how, in plastic wrapped silage manufacture, conditions of fermentation may be inadequate to prevent the growth of Clostridium botulinum. Examination of a sample of silage fed to the affected horses suggested that this was probably the source of the toxin.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirteen cases of botulism in horses fed big bale silage

Ricketts

Greet

Glyn

et al. 1984

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Esta se encontra em elevada concentração no sangue das aves, sendo possível usar o soro destes animais para determinar especificamente qual a toxina envolvida por meio da técnica de soroneutralização em camundongo (SMITH, 1983).…”

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Botulismo tipo C em perus em Minas Gerais, Brasil

et al. 2008

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“…In that year a major outbreak affecting several species of the genus Larus occurred between June and October around the Firth of Forth, causing at least 2000 deaths [5], and the disease was also confirmed in Northern Ireland, Anglesey and the Wirral [6]. Subsequent reports referred to outbreaks on Walney Island (Cumbria) [1], the Mersey Estuary [7], Motherwell (Scotland) [8], the Bristol Channel [9,10], Dublin Bay [11] and elsewhere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landfill sites, botulism and gulls

Ortiz

Smith

1994

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Botulism due to Clostridium botulinum type C causes considerable mortality in gulls in the UK, and refuse disposal sites are suspected as a major source of toxin. C. botulinum types B, C and D were each found in 12 (63.2%) of 19 landfill sites examined. Type E was detected in only one (5.2%) and types A, F and G were not found. The prevalence of type C spores was much higher than that demonstrated in the UK environment by earlier surveys. The presence of these spores, together with the rotting organic matter and generated heat associated with landfill sites, undoubtedly leads to bacterial proliferation and toxigenesis. This is likely to result in botulism in scavenging gulls unless skilled landfill management prevents the ingestion of toxic material. Type D spores were previously shown to be rare in the UK environment and their high prevalence on landfill sites was therefore surprising. Four composite samples of refuse collected before distribution on a landfill gave negative results for C. botulinum and it seems likely that the gulls themselves play a major role in introducing contamination.

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Diagnosis of botulism in water birds

Cited by 14 publications

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Thirteen cases of botulism in horses fed big bale silage

Thirteen cases of botulism in horses fed big bale silage

Botulismo tipo C em perus em Minas Gerais, Brasil

Landfill sites, botulism and gulls

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