Diagnosis of cancer using carbon nanomaterial-based biosensors

Abstract

Cancer causes the death of the large population worldwide. Early-stage tumor detection is the major problem to treat cancer patients effectively. Nanomaterial based biosensor emerged as a great tool to...

Emerging Multifunctional Carbon‐Nanomaterial‐Based Biosensors for Cancer Diagnosis

“…[80,81] Notably, carbon-nanomaterial-based biosensors indicate considerable high sensitivity, enabling a lowconcentration detection of the analyte molecules down to the picogram and femtogram levels. [82][83][84][85] Thereby, carbon-based biosensors play an essential role in healthcare fields nowadays, especially in cancer research, where they are exploited to detect the concentration of the multiple targets/biomarkers responsible for particular cancer diseases. Among the carbon nanomaterials, graphene-based biosensors attract the most attention owing to the unique crystalline structure with one single element and the advantages of low cost and high accuracy.…”

“…[86][87][88] In addition, carbon quantum dots (QDs) emerge as novel zero-dimensional (0D) materials in sensing technology because of their high affinity, good intracellular solubility, and specificity for detecting cancer cells with higher accuracy. [89][90][91] Besides, other carbon nanomaterials, such as porous carbon, [92] graphic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), [93,94] fullerene, [95] and carbon nanotubes, [85] also present a massive potential for biosensing applications.…”

“…Even though several reviews have explored the potential of carbon-nanomaterial-based biosensors in medical diagnostics, [85,89,[96][97][98][99] this field is highly active, and a large amount of research papers have been published recently. The number of publications on the three most predominant carbon nanostructures, i.e., graphene, carbon dots, and carbon nanotubes, depicts a booming trend in the last years, as shown in performance, advantages, and limitations of carbon nanomaterials across these mechanisms.…”

DNA-Coupled AuNPs@CuMOF for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen

“…Addressing this controversy, three-dimensional tetrahedron DNA structured probes (3D TDNA) were introduced as a new type of DNA structure, providing exceptional mechanical robustness and structural stability. − On the other hand, altering the sensing surface using multiple technologies involving nanomaterial functionalization plays a pivotal role in yielding higher biocompatibility and electron conductivity while mitigating surface fouling. To do so, multiple nanomaterials have been incorporated to fulfill the rising need for heightened sensitivity and early detection capabilities of biomarkers, including carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, graphene, and polymer nanocomposites …”

“…14−16 On the other hand, altering the sensing surface using multiple technologies involving nanomaterial functionalization plays a pivotal role in yielding higher biocompatibility and electron conductivity while mitigating surface fouling. To do so, multiple nanomaterials have been incorporated to fulfill the rising need for heightened sensitivity and early detection capabilities of biomarkers, including carbon nanotubes, 17 quantum dots, 18 metal nanoparticles, 19 graphene, 20 and polymer nanocomposites. 21 Recently, the integration of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) has garnered tremendous attention, primarily owing to their distinctive features in terms of tunable porosity and a high surface area.…”