Diagnosis of Common Prostatic Conditions in Dogs: an Update

Lévy, X; Niżański, Wojciech; Heimendahl, Angelika von; Mimouni, P.

doi:10.1111/rda.12296

Cited by 80 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The lack of serum markers precludes the early diagnosis of canine PCa. Therefore, in veterinary practice, prostatic tumors are often not diagnosed until clinical signs are observed, such as stranguria and dysuria, constipation and diarrhea, pain and paresis of the rear limbs due to nerve compression and vertebral metastasis, amyotrophy, and severe weight loss (40). Accordingly, dogs with PCa are generally encountered at late stage in veterinary practice and have a poor clinical prognosis with the survival times for weeks to months (3).…”

Section: Canine Spontaneous Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine prostate models in preclinical studies of minimally invasive interventions: part I, canine prostate anatomy and prostate cancer models

Sun¹,

Báez-Díaz²,

Sánchez‐Margallo³

2017

Transl. Androl. Urol.

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The high prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) in elderly men and technical advances in early detection of localized PCa have led to continued efforts to develop new therapeutic options of minimally invasive nature in current urologic oncology community. Increasing newly emerging therapies are undergoing preclinical tests on the technical feasibility, efficacy and safety in animal experiments. The dog is an ideal large animal because of its similar anatomy to human and the capability allowing the use of the same medical devices applied in future clinical trials. Awareness of the local anatomy, microvascular structure, and histological features of the prostate in dogs is essential to experimental design and performance of the tested procedures and techniques. Although dogs with spontaneous PCa may be used in preclinical investigation, the low incidence and pathological features limit its utility. Alternatively, canine orthotopic PCa models have a great potential in preclinical research for this purpose. The goal of this review is to provide detailed anatomic and histological information of the canine prostate, outline the pathological and clinical characteristics of spontaneous PCa in dogs and discuss the current status of canine orthotopic PCa models.

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Section: Canine Spontaneous Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine prostate models in preclinical studies of minimally invasive interventions: part I, canine prostate anatomy and prostate cancer models

Sun¹,

Báez-Díaz²,

Sánchez‐Margallo³

2017

Transl. Androl. Urol.

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“…As rectal palpation and x-ray examination may not be a sufficient tool for examining the prostate structure, further diagnostic measures including imaging are needed [9]. Transabdominal ultrasonography of the prostate enables a visualization of the prostate’s structure [2], but may be limited by the partially intrapelvic position of the gland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography: a beneficial diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the canine prostate?

et al. 2017

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BackgroundProstatic diseases in intact male dogs are common. However, studies about the computed tomographic (CT) examination of the prostate in dogs are rare. The aim of the present study was to evaluate age related-changes in the canine prostate with the help of the CT and to evaluate whether measuring Hounsfield Units (HUs) in different morphological conditions of the prostate is of diagnostic value.Fifty pre- and post-contrast CT scans of the prostate of dogs were evaluated and divided into three groups according to the tissue structure: Group1 dogs with homogenous prostate tissue (16/50); group 2 with prostate cysts (26/50) and group 3 with inhomogeneous prostate tissue (8/50). The prostatic dimensions were measured and the ratio between length, height and width and the sixth lumbar vertebra was calculated. Median values of prostatic attenuation measured in HUs, using regions of interests (ROIs) were determined on pre- and post- contrast scans over the whole length of the prostate. The results were compared to the dog’s age.Furthermore, the CT Images were compared with the results of ultrasonography (47/50).ResultsOn pre-contrast scans HUs within ROIs placed in the prostate did not differ statistically significantly between the different morphological groups (1: 37.7; 2: 36.3; 3: 39.8 HU). HUs within on the post- contrast scans showed statistically significant differences between the groups. Group one had a mean density of 93.6 HU, group two had a mean density of 106.1 HU and group three had one of 138.2 HU. The prostatic size in the first group was smaller than in the other groups, whereas the largest prostates were found in the second group.In six cases the post-contrast CT scan showed results that differed from the ultrasound examination. Dogs had a homogenous tissue in ultrasonography while the CT scan revealed an inhomogeneous tissue structure.ConclusionsThe CT examination can be a beneficial diagnostic tool for examining the prostatic size and for evaluating the prostatic tissue. The different HUs reflected age-related changes and alterations in the prostate while measuring the density of the prostate. Contrast agent application enables a more specific analysis of the prostate to be carried out and for precise changes in tissue structure to be observed.

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“…No treatment was attempted to decrease the size of the prostate gland in any of the dogs in this study. Given that constipation and chronic tenesmus are common secondary signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia in otherwise healthy entire male dogs (White , Lévy et al ), it was not possible to investigate the role of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the pathophysiology of colonic impaction in dogs in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonic impaction in dogs: a retrospective study of 58 cases (1996 to 2014)

Tzimtzimis

Papazoglou

Patsikas

et al. 2019

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objectives To describe the clinical findings, management and outcome of colonic impaction in dogs and report the effectiveness of medical treatment. Materials and Methods Case records of 58 dogs with colonic impaction were reviewed. Telephone contact with the owners was used to obtain long‐term outcome. Results Twenty‐nine dogs (50%) were mixed‐breed, and 45 (78%) were entire males. Median age at presentation was 7 years, and median bodyweight was 22 kg. The degree of radiographic colonic distension did not appear to be related to long‐term outcome. Fifty‐five dogs (95%) received medical treatment including enemas alone, hyperosmotic and/or bulk‐forming and/or lubricant laxatives, enemas combined with laxatives or enemas and/or laxatives combined with manual evacuation of faecal material under anaesthesia. Median survival time of the 58 dogs was 2 years. Overall, 36 of 41 dogs with available long‐term follow‐up had a favourable outcome. Clinical Significance Medical treatment of colonic impaction in dogs with a single agent or a combination of agents has a high success rate. Marked colonic dilation is not necessarily indicative of megacolon in dogs.

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Diagnosis of Common Prostatic Conditions in Dogs: an Update

Cited by 80 publications

References 24 publications

Canine prostate models in preclinical studies of minimally invasive interventions: part I, canine prostate anatomy and prostate cancer models

Canine prostate models in preclinical studies of minimally invasive interventions: part I, canine prostate anatomy and prostate cancer models

Computed tomography: a beneficial diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the canine prostate?

Colonic impaction in dogs: a retrospective study of 58 cases (1996 to 2014)

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