Diagnosis of COVID-19: facts and challenges

Zalzala, Haider Hashim

doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100761

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…• Ensaios imunoenzimáticos (ELISA): desenvolvidos para identificação dos anticorpos IgM e IgG a partir de amostras de soro dos pacientes infectados (Goudouris, 2021;Taleghani;Taghipour, 2020;Younes et al, 2020;Zalzala, 2020).…”

Section: Testes Sorológicosunclassified

“…A amostra percorrerá a tira teste e se apenas a linha do controle estiver descoloridateste negativo, se ambas as linhas (controle e teste) estiverem descoloridasteste positivo. Este tipo de teste é apropriado para testes comunitários generalizados na detecção de casos infecciosos com alta disseminação viral (Goudouris, 2021;Taleghani;Taghipour, 2020;Zalzala, 2020;Coltart, Collet-fenson, 2021;Yüce;Filiztekin, Ӧzkaya, 2021).…”

Section: Testes Sorológicosunclassified

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Diagnóstico da COVID-19 em laboratórios de análises clínicas

Figueiredo

Paula

2022

RSD

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A partir de dezembro de 2019, uma nova pandemia assolou o mundo. O agente responsável pela nova doença é a síndrome respiratória aguda grave coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Incessantemente, iniciou-se uma corrida contra o tempo para identificar e decodificar o genoma do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19), com o intuito de aperfeiçoar seu diagnóstico. Por ser um problema de saúde, o laboratório de análises clínicas passou a ser peça chave no diagnóstico pois está presente na grande maioria das cidades brasileiras. Diante disso, o objetivo dessa revisão de literatura foi demonstrar quais tipos de testes de diagnósticos são passíveis de serem executados pelo laboratório de análises clínicas. A metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica a partir de fontes secundárias, onde empregou a base de dados ScienceDirect e Pubmed. O levantamento mostrou que o diagnóstico da COVID-19 pode ser baseado em: biomarcadores correlacionados ao próprio vírus (material genético), sendo que o teste padrão ouro é o ensaio da reação em cadeia da transcrição da polimerase reversa em tempo real (RT-PCR); em moléculas provenientes da resposta imunológica contra os antígenos virais (produção de anticorpos) por meio de testes sorológicos (imunoensaios enzimáticos, de micropartículas quimioluminescentes, de fluorescência e de fluxo lateral) e, em alterações na concentração de biomarcadores de órgãos afetados pelo vírus (marcadores inflamatórios, de funções renais e hepáticas, etc.). Assim, perante o crescente número de casos e o surgimento de novas variantes, é de extrema importância difundir conhecimentos e enfatizar a importância dos laboratórios clínicos no cotidiano das comunidades, frente a uma pandemia.

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Section: Testes Sorológicosunclassified

Diagnóstico da COVID-19 em laboratórios de análises clínicas

Figueiredo

Paula

2022

RSD

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“…Eventually, these opacities merge and in serious cases, it may appear as a “whited out pulmonary region” on the film. In several fatal cases, pleural fluid has been reported on a chest radiograph along with the presence of ground-glass opacification (GGO) and consolidation [ 5 , 13 ].…”

Section: Imaging Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no swelling observed in lymph nodes that may indicate cancer. According to “Expert Recommendations from the Chinese Medical Association Radiology Branch,” based on the degree of lesion, observed on chest CT,COVID-19 patients, can be categorized into three stages: Early, Advanced, and Severe [ 13 ].…”

Section: Imaging Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Diagnostics: A Panoramic View on Its Present Scenario, Challenges and Solutions

Quraishi

Upadhyay

Nigam

2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci.

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The initial strategy to curb the surge of novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, is prevention and quarantine, which are dependent on early diagnosis. The latest commercial diagnostic methods include AI/ML-based imaging methods and laboratory diagnosis, which differ in their efficiency. The former requires lung imaging and is useful for last stage patients. It was ensured to overcome the limitation of availability of laboratory-based kits, while the latter involves the collection of the suitable sample from an individual (blood sample, nasal or oral swab). Laboratory methods include methods like RT-PCR which is contemporarily contemplated as the benchmark for its quick and efficient SARS-CoV-2 infection detection. Other diagnosis alternatives include Serum Viral Neutralization (SVN) assays involving antigen–antibody reaction with much lower efficiency contrasted to RT-PCR. Apart from these methods, early detection has been key to the treatment of COVID-19, but the lack of sensitive assays to detect low viral titers acts as an impediment. This review presents an overview of detecting COVID-19 with the aid of several diagnostic techniques along with their benefits and limitations.

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“…Lateral flow tests (LFT) are an alternative valid, point-of-care diagnostic tool that can detect individuals with high viral loads, within approximately 15 minutes from swab to test outcome. [68] The cost per LFT test is approximately £5 GBP if purchased in UK (approx. $7 USD) or approximately R208 ZAR if purchased in South Africa (approx.…”

Section: Fig 2 End-to-end Transmission Risk Activities For Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-to-end SARS-CoV-2 transmission risks in sport: Current evidence and practical recommendations

Jones

Phillips

Valeriani

et al. 2021

S. Afr. j. sports med

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused disruption to professional and recreational sports across the world. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can be transmitted by relatively large respiratory droplets that behave ballistically, and exhaled aerosol droplets, which potentially pose a greater risk. This review provides a summary of end-to-end SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk factors for sport and an overview of transmission mechanisms to be considered by all stakeholders. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is greatest indoors, and primarily influenced by the ventilation of the environment and the close proximity of individuals. The SARS-CoV-2 transmission risks outdoors, e.g. via water, and from fomites, appear less than initially thought. Mitigation strategies include good end-to-end scenario planning of activities to optimise physical distancing, face mask wearing and hygiene practice of individuals, the environment and equipment. The identification and removal of infectious individuals should be undertaken by means of the taking of temperature and COVID-19 symptom screening, and the use of diagnostic monitoring tests to identify asymptomatic individuals. Using adequate video footage, data from proximity technology and subject interviews, the identification and isolation of ‘close contacts’ should also be undertaken to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission within sporting environments and into the wider community. Sports should aim to undertake activities outdoors where possible, given the lower SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk, in comparison to indoor environments.

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Diagnosis of COVID-19: facts and challenges

Cited by 20 publications

References 60 publications

Diagnóstico da COVID-19 em laboratórios de análises clínicas

Diagnóstico da COVID-19 em laboratórios de análises clínicas

COVID-19 Diagnostics: A Panoramic View on Its Present Scenario, Challenges and Solutions

End-to-end SARS-CoV-2 transmission risks in sport: Current evidence and practical recommendations

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