Diagnosis of drowning: Electrolytes and total protein in sphenoid sinus liquid

Hayakawa, Akira; Terazawa, Koichi; Matoba, Kotaro; Horioka, Kie; Fukunaga, Tetsuo

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.02.017

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…More recent efforts to develop tests applicable in or supportive to the diagnosis of drowning for the differentiation between fresh- and saltwater drowning have focused on identifying drowning-associated alterations at the molecular level or microorganisms unique to certain drowning environments. These include analyses of electrolyte and protein concentrations in pleural effusions and sphenoid sinus fluid, measurement of pulmonary surfactant protein expression, measurement of aquaporin tissue expression, and genomic identification of waterborne bacteria in tissue samples (96–99).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Drowning Deaths: A Practical Review

Armstrong

Erskine

2018

Academic Forensic Pathology

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Drowning, which typically involves a watery environment, remains a serious public health concern claiming an estimated 362 000 lives per year worldwide across all socioeconomic classifications and has remained under close observation by the World Health Organization and its signatories. A significant number of water-related deaths are attributed to accidental drowning, while a smaller but still significant number represent suicidal or homicidal drowning. Others involve a combination of drowning precipitated by injury, intoxication, or environmental extremes. Still others involve victims that die from injury, intoxication, or a natural disease entity of such significance as to preclude the drowning process, while near or in water. While there may be an initial presumption that all water-related deaths are accidental drownings, other possibilities must be considered in the investigation of these types of deaths, as drowning as a cause of death is a diagnosis based on the exclusion of other potential causes. The coordinated investigative efforts of multiple agencies and disciplines are required not only for the designation as drowning as the cause of death but also for death certification. The ongoing analysis and dissemination of data generated from all levels of investigation augment our understanding of the impact on public health and safety, guiding allocation of monetary and educational resources in an effort to prevent further mortality and disability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…measurement of pulmonary surfactant protein expression, measurement of aquaporin tissue expression, and genomic identification of waterborne bacteria in tissue samples (96)(97)(98)(99).…”

Section: Invited Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Drowning Deaths: A Practical Review

Armstrong

Erskine

2018

Academic Forensic Pathology

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“…Many studies have provided information based on lung lesions, serum electrolyte concentrations, immunohistochemical detection of intrapulmonary SP‐A protein distribution, macrophage levels, and diatoms which can be used to identify drowning as the cause of death . However, a single definitive test for drowning has not been identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Forensic Application of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) as a Novel Biomarker for Estimating Postmortem Interval

Cho

Eom

2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Studies which estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) based on diatoms or bacterial communities have been well‐conducted. However, predicting the PMI based on microorganisms has limited accuracy. The objective of this study was to discover specific biomarkers for estimating the PMI for drowning. The in vivo experimental model consisted of rats classified into nine groups (seven drowned groups from Day 1 to Day 7 and two control groups). Their lung tissues were analyzed for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mRNA expression determined by qRT‐PCR. RAGE protein levels were determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. RAGE mRNA and protein levels gradually degraded over time. Immunostaining analysis revealed that RAGE in the Day 1 sample was significantly higher than that in the Day 6 or Day 7 samples. These results indicate that RAGE in drowned lungs could be a potential biomarker for the determination of the PMI after drowning.

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“…At forensic autopsy, macroscopic findings as hemodilution, pulmonary edema, subpleural hemorrhages (Paltauf 's spots), a lower spleen weight, gross hemorrhages in the temporal bone, aqueous liquid in the frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary, and sphenoidal sinuses or lacerations of the gastric mucosa (Sehrt's sign) may hint to drowning as the cause of death. Moreover, there are unspecific microscopic findings such as acute lung emphysema with over dilatation of the alveoles, thinning or lacerations of the septa, capillary congestion, intraalveolar edema, and hemorrhages that may be found in drowning cases [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Unspecific findings at PMCT such as fluid in the paranasal sinuses, fluid materials in the airways, and groundglass opacities of the lungs have been described as typical PMCT findings in drowning cases [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%