Diagnosis of Gallbladder Cancer Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Profiling

Abstract

Proteomic fingerprint technology combining magnetic beads with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to profile and compare the serum proteins from 45 patients with gallbladder cancer and 50 healthy blood donors. The proteomic patterns were identified; the tree model of biomarkers was constructed and evaluated using the Biomarker Patterns Software. The model tree was constructed based on the 3 biomarkers (5913 Da, 6181 Da and 13,752 Da), which generated excellent separation between the gallbladder cancer and control groups. The sensitivity was 86.7% and the specificity was 93.3%. The blind test data showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 90%. Taken together, our studies suggested that biomarkers for gallbladder cancer could be discovered in serum by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with the use of magnetic beads. The pattern of combined markers would provide a powerful and reliable diagnostic method for gallbladder cancer with high sensitivity and specificity.

Development and validation of circulating protein signatures as diagnostic biomarkers for biliary tract cancer

“… 21 Other studies investigating the use of multiprotein signatures as novel biomarkers are limited by a small number of patients with BTC (n <70) and a lack of validation in independent cohorts. [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] …”

Upregulated plasma and urinary levels of nucleosides as biological markers in the diagnosis of primary gallbladder cancer

“…Nevertheless, the clinical symptoms of gallbladder carcinoma are mostly nonspecific, such as weakness, loss of appetite or weight, and jaundice, all of which are similar to those of gallbladder inflammation or gallstones; thus, the early diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma is not generally possible. Moreover, to date, there are no sensitive and specific biomarkers available for the early detection of gallbladder carcinoma, and the most frequently used biochemical tumor marker is CA199 . Clinically, transabdominal and endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography are the most frequently used techniques for the diagnosis of gallbladder abnormalities .…”

“…Moreover, to date, there are no sensitive and specific biomarkers available for the early detection of gallbladder carcinoma, and the most frequently used biochemical tumor marker is CA199 . Clinically, transabdominal and endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography are the most frequently used techniques for the diagnosis of gallbladder abnormalities . Unfortunately, the positive predictive value of these strategies in the early detection of gallbladder carcinoma has been consistently <10% , including the utilization of the complex longitudinal algorithms for CA199 , sequential testing , and the addition of newer markers such as XPC .…”

From Biomarker Discovery to Clinical Evaluation for Early Diagnosis of Lung Surgery-Induced Injury

“…Today, the importance of sensitivity and specificity in biomarker selection has shifted proteomic studies from large-scale analysis to clinically-relevant validation. In addition to large-scale analysis in protein or metabolite identification (Mou et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2011), the leads are selected based on their sensitivity and specificity.…”