Summary :Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia constitute, in a world context, the two commonest intestinal protozoan parasites to affect man. Therefore accurate diagnosis is of paramount i mportance if resultant infections are to be adequatel y managed. Demonstrati on of the cyst or trophozoite stage in a faecal sample(s) (several newer techni ques are available) remains the l ynch-pi n of diagnostic strategies; however, excretion of cysts, especially, is i ntermi ttent and evi dence of infection is not always mani fest in a single examination. A limited range of other techni ques is also available for a 'parasitological diagnosis'. Within the last decade, serological techni ques (largely dependent on invasive properties of the organism) have attai ned levels of diagnostic competence. Therefore, a very high index of suspicion now ensues from indirect evi dence of infection.