Diagnosis of Influenza from Respiratory Autopsy Tissues

Denison, Amy M.; Blau, Dianna M.; Jost, Heather; Jones, Tara L.; Rollin, Dominique; Gao, Rongbao; Liu, Lindy; Bhatnagar, Julu; DeLeon-Carnes, Marlene; Shieh, Wun‐Ju; Paddock, Christopher D.; Drew, Clifton P.; Adem, Patricia; Emery, Shannon; Shu, Bo; Wu, Kuan-Hung; Batten, Brigid; Greer, Patricia W.; Smith, Chalanda; Bartlett, Jeanine; Montague, Jeltley L.; Patel, M.; Xu, Xinhua; Lindstrom, Stephen; Klimov, Alexander; Zaki, Sherif R.

doi:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2010.09.004

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…RNA extracts from FFPE respiratory tissues of 64 case patients were tested by rRT-PCR for influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) types 1–4, as previously described [ 23 , 24 ]. DNA was extracted from FFPE respiratory tissues of case patients with clinical history and/or histopathology consistent with a possible respiratory bacterial infection and tested by PCR assays for S. pneumoniae , S. pyogenes , Streptococcus species, and Staphylococcus aureus , and by wide-range eubacterial 16S rRNA gene PCR [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication and Tropism in the Lungs, Airways, and Vascular Endothelium of Patients With Fatal Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Autopsy Case Series

Bhatnagar

Gary

Reagan‐Steiner

et al. 2021

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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113

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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to produce substantial morbidity and mortality. To understand the reasons for the wide-spectrum complications and severe outcomes of COVID-19, we aimed to identify cellular targets of SARS-CoV-2 tropism and replication in various tissues. Methods We evaluated RNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded autopsy tissues from 64 case-patients (age range: 1 month to 84 years; COVID-19 confirmed n=21, suspected n=43) by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. For cellular localization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and viral characterization, we performed in-situ hybridization (ISH), subgenomic RNA RT-PCR, and whole genome sequencing. Results SARS-CoV-2 was identified by RT-PCR in 32 case-patients (confirmed n=21 and suspected n=11). ISH was positive in 20 and subgenomic RNA RT-PCR was positive in 17 of 32 RT-PCR-positive case-patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was localized by ISH in hyaline membranes, pneumocytes and macrophages of lungs, epithelial cells of airways, and in endothelial cells and vessels wall of brain stem, leptomeninges, lung, heart, liver, kidney, and pancreas. D614G variant was detected in 9 RT-PCR-positive case-patients. Conclusions We identified cellular targets of SARS-CoV-2 tropism and replication in the lungs and airways and demonstrated its direct infection in vascular endothelium. This work provides important insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis and mechanisms of severe outcomes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication and Tropism in the Lungs, Airways, and Vascular Endothelium of Patients With Fatal Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Autopsy Case Series

Bhatnagar

Gary

Reagan‐Steiner

et al. 2021

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Self Cite

113

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“…The microbe was identified as H1N1 virus from a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, frozen autopsy lung tissue samples. 35,53,[56][57][58]…”

Section: The Briefs On Global Pandemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implications of Zinc Therapy in Combating the COVID-19 Global Pandemic

Samad¹,

Sodunke²,

Abubakar³

et al. 2021

JIR

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The global pandemic from COVID-19 infection has generated significant public health concerns, both health-wise and economically. There is no specific pharmacological antiviral therapeutic option to date available for COVID-19 management. Also, there is an urgent need to discover effective medicines, prevention, and control methods because of the harsh death toll from this novel coronavirus infection. Acute respiratory tract infections, significantly lower respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia are the primary cause of millions of deaths worldwide. The role of micronutrients, including trace elements, boosted the human immune system and was well established. Several vitamins such as vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate; microelement including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper; omega-3 fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid plays essential physiological roles in promoting the immune system. Furthermore, zinc is an indispensable microelement essential for a thorough enzymatic physiological process. It also helps regulate gene-transcription such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, cell division, and cell activation in the human biological system. Subsequently, zinc, together with natural scavenger cells and neutrophils, are also involved in developing cells responsible for regulating nonspecific immunity. The modern food habit often promotes zinc deficiency; as such, quite a few COVID-19 patients presented to hospitals were frequently diagnosed as zinc deficient. Earlier studies documented that zinc deficiency predisposes patients to a viral infection such as herpes simplex, common cold, hepatitis C, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of reducing antiviral immunity. This manuscript aimed to discuss the various roles played by zinc in the management of COVID-19 infection.

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“…All respiratory tissue specimens from 450 case-patients received during April 29, 2009–May 5, 2010, were screened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) protocol for detection and characterization of swine influenza virus ( 2 ). Of these, specimens from 250 (56%) tested negative for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and had no other confirmatory or prior influenza testing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… *For some case-patients, multiple agents were detected. †Subtype not determined by 2 assays, including 1 specific for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 ( 2 ). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%