Diagnosis of Oleander Poisoning in Livestock

Galey, Francis D.; Holstege, Dirk M.; Plumlee, Konstanze H.; Tor, Elizabeth R.; Johnson, Bill; Anderson, Mark L.; Blanchard, Patricia C; Brown, Frank R.

doi:10.1177/104063879600800314

Cited by 88 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Microscopic changes seen with adonis poisoning were similar to those documented for oleander toxicosis, 7 and in fact, necessi-tated analysis of the stomach and cecal contents from all three horses for oleandrin, the toxic compound of oleander, of which none was detected. In addition to endocardial and epicardial hemorrhage, the initial microscopic change evident in the hearts of the horses that consumed the adonis was inflammatory in nature with mild interstitial edema, light neutrophilic inflammation, and occasional pockets of fibrin in the myocardium subtending the foci of hemorrhage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates and fibrosis surrounding Purkinje cells of the bundle of HIS are similar to that described with oleander toxicosis. 7 In summary, consumption of A. aestivalis was associated with digestive disturbance and myocardial necrosis in three horses from the same premises. The principle toxins that are present in all Adonis spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,12 Animals consuming plants containing cardiac glycosides typically develop fatal digestive and cardiac disturbances. 7 Some of the cardiotoxic plants found in North America include oleander, milkweed, foxglove, dogbane, lily of the valley, yew, avocado, rhododendron, Star of Bethlehem, periwinkle, hyacinth, and death camas. Plants containing cardiac glycosides most commonly associated with poisoning in livestock are oleander (Nerium spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Summer Pheasant's Eye (Adonis aestivalis) Poisoning in Three Horses

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Three horses died as a result of eating grass hay containing summer pheasant's eye (Adonis aestivalis L.), a plant containing cardenolides similar to oleander and foxglove. A 9-year-old thoroughbred gelding, a 20-year-old appaloosa gelding, and a 5-year-old quarter horse gelding initially presented with signs of colic 24-48 hours after first exposure to the hay. Gastrointestinal gaseous distension was the primary finding on clinical examination of all three horses. Two horses became moribund and were euthanatized 1 day after first showing clinical signs, and the third horse was euthanatized after 4 days of medical therapy. Endocardial hemorrhage and gaseous distension of the gastrointestinal tract were the only necropsy findings in the first two horses. On microscopic examination, both horses had scattered foci of mild, acute myocardial necrosis and neutrophilic inflammation associated with endocardial and epicardial hemorrhage. The third horse that survived for 4 days had multifocal to coalescing, irregular foci of acute, subacute, and chronic myocardial degeneration and necrosis. A. aestivalis (pheasant's eye, summer adonis) was identified in the hay. Strophanthidin, the aglycone of several cardenolides present in Adonis spp., was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometrymass spectrometry in gastrointestinal contents from all three horses. Although Adonis spp. contain cardiac glycosides, cardiac lesions have not previously been described in livestock associated with consumption of adonis, and this is the first report of adonis toxicosis in North America.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Summer Pheasant's Eye (Adonis aestivalis) Poisoning in Three Horses

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some studies reported that using dry leaves or extracts with the active principle of the plant (oleandrine) in different concentrations induced intoxication symptoms (CLARCK et al, 1991). GALEY et al (1996) considered N. oleander as a potentially toxic plant, because ingestion of 0.005% of dog's weight of dry leaves could lead to death. In the present study, we used fresh leaves to simulate a natural poisoning with this ornamental plant, estimated to contain more than thirty potentially toxic compounds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dogs poisoned with Nerium oleander fresh leaves: clinical and electrocardiographic findings

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nerium oleander is distributed worldwide, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. These shrubs are frequently used as ornamental plants. However, they contain more than 30 cardiac glycosides that can cause serious toxic effects in dogs. The objective of this study was to report the clinical and electrocardiographic alterations in dogs experimentally poisoned with N. oleander. Ten adult, healthy, mixed-breed dogs weighing 10-25kg and aged 3-6 years were selected for the study. We orally administered 0.25g kg-1 of fresh ground leaves of N. oleander to the dogs. No dog died after the ingestion, but all exhibited signs of poisoning such as vomiting, sialorrhea, nausea, apathy, conjunctiva congestion, dehydration, abdominal pain, tremors, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and tenesmus. Electrocardiogram revealed occurrence of several types of arrhythmias: sinus bradycardia, second-degree atrioventricular block, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular premature complexes. Systolic blood pressure, as well as heart rate, decreased in the first 24 hours. The present study concluded that a single dose of 0.25g kg-1 of N. oleander green leaves is sufficient to cause a moderate intoxication in dogs, with nonspecific clinical changes mainly related to the digestive system and heart rate, thus demonstrating the importance of this type of intoxication in the list of differential diagnoses of small animals routine.

show abstract

“…Cardiac abnormalities include bradycardia, AV blocks, ectopic beats, and gallop rhythms. 23 Usually rapidly progressing and with many cattle found dead, rare cases present with clinical signs delayed by 12 hours or more. Postmortem findings depend on the time course and may be minimal in cases that rapidly progress to death.…”

Section: Toxic Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study of cattle poisonings in California: recognition, diagnosis, and treatment

Varga¹,

Puschner²

2012

VMRR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In this retrospective study all suspect bovine intoxications submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2011 were reviewed. A total of 1199 cases were submitted, but a diagnosis of intoxication was only established in 13.5% of cases. In these cases, overexposures to minerals, metals, and poisonous plants were determined as the most commonly diagnosed poisonings in cattle in California. Nitrate/nitrite poisoning was the most commonly diagnosed plant-associated intoxication, followed by gossypol and oleander. This study details the diagnostic challenges and treatment options for the most commonly diagnosed intoxications. To ensure proper treatment and prevention of new cases, accurate diagnosis is necessary, and therefore this review provides an essential tool for the food animal practitioner. Available toxicological analyses are offered at select laboratories, which can be time consuming and expensive, yet the potential for residues in consumed animal products and implications for human health necessitate testing and consultation. Any potential exposure to a toxicant in cattle should be reviewed to determine whether a residue hazard exists. Therapy focuses on immediate removal of the toxicant from the environment and from the gastrointestinal tract. With few antidotes available, most are cost prohibitive to treat numerous affected cattle. In addition, most antidotes will require extra-label drug use and establishment of meat and milk withdrawal times.

show abstract

Diagnosis of Oleander Poisoning in Livestock

Cited by 88 publications

References 4 publications

Summer Pheasant's Eye (Adonis aestivalis) Poisoning in Three Horses

Summer Pheasant's Eye (Adonis aestivalis) Poisoning in Three Horses

Dogs poisoned with Nerium oleander fresh leaves: clinical and electrocardiographic findings

Retrospective study of cattle poisonings in California: recognition, diagnosis, and treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About