Diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs and cats

Abstract

Pancreatitis is the most common disorder of the exocrine pancreas in both dogs and cats. Ante-mortem diagnosis of canine and feline pancreatitis can be challenging. The clinical picture of dogs and cats with pancreatitis varies greatly (from very mild to severe or even fatal) and is characterised by non-specific findings. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile and urinalysis should always be performed in dogs and cats suspected of having pancreatitis, although findings are not-specific for pancreatitis. Serum amylase and lipase activities and trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) concentrations have no or only limited clinical value for the diagnosis of pancreatitis in either dogs or cats. Conversely, serum pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) concentration is currently considered to be the clinicopathological test of choice for the diagnosis of canine and feline pancreatitis. Abdominal radiography is a useful diagnostic tool for the exclusion of other diseases that may cause similar clinical signs to those of pancreatitis. Abdominal ultrasonography can be very useful for the diagnosis of pancreatitis, but this depends largely on the clinician's experience. Histopathological examination of the pancreas is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and classification of pancreatitis, but it is not without limitations. In clinical practice, a combination of careful evaluation of the animal's history, serum PLI concentration and abdominal ultrasonography, together with pancreatic cytology or histopathology when indicated or possible, is considered to be the most practical and reliable means for an accurate diagnosis or exclusion of pancreatitis compared with other diagnostic modalities.

Prevalence and Clinicopathological Features of Triaditis in a Prospective Case Series of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cats

“…Hematological and serum biochemical findings in cats enrolled in our study were as expected for the diseases identified . Depending on the severity of the inflammatory lesions, IBD was associated with decreases in PCV, peripheral lymphocyte counts, and serum albumin concentration.…”

Ultrasonographic features of presumed gastric wall edema in 14 dogs with pancreatitis

“…Ultrasonography of the canine pancreas is an important noninvasive tool in the diagnosis of pancreatitis as well as evaluation of peripancreatic structures. Ultrasonographic appearance of pancreatitis include enlarged, irregularly marginated, and hypoechoic pancreas with peripancreatic hyperechoic mesenteric fat with or without focal peritoneal effusion . However, there is lack of description or observation on gastric wall thickening secondary to pancreatitis in dogs.…”

Negative pressure therapy versus passive open abdominal drainage for the treatment of septic peritonitis in dogs: A randomized, prospective study

“…However, other indicators of inflammatory response did not significantly change over time. High plasma lipase and amylase levels are known to accompany systemic inflammatory responses to tissue damage caused by, for example, gastro‐enteritis, liver disease, renal failure, acute pancreatitis, or septic peritonitis . A decrease in alkaline phosphatase across time may have been masked by a relatively short drainage period in the current study, based on a plasma half‐life approximating 72 hours in dogs .…”