Diagnosis of Placental Malaria

Mockenhaupt, Frank P.; Ulmen, Ulrike; Gaertner, Christiane von; Bedu-Addo, George; Bienzle, Ulrich

doi:10.1128/jcm.40.1.306-308.2002

Cited by 93 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…First, placental parasitemia was determined through placental blood film instead of histological examination, a more sensitive method. [21][22][23] However, this test would have resulted in misclassification that would have biased the estimates to the null. Second, we did not have information on CD4+ counts or other clinical measures of the stage of HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of HIV Infection and Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia on Pregnancy Outcomes in Malawi

Nkhoma

Kalilani-Phiri

Mwapasa

et al. 2012

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Plasmodium falciparum and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are both risk factors for low birth weight (LBW) and maternal anemia, and they may interact to increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In 2005 and 2006, we followed 831 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in southern Malawi through delivery. HIV was associated with increased risk of LBW (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR adj ] = 3.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.40, 6.79). Having greater than or equal to three episodes of peripheral parasitemia was also associated with increased risk of LBW (PR adj = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.06, 6.79). Among multigravidae, dual infection resulted in 9.59 (95% CI = 2.51, 36.6) times the risk of LBW compared with uninfected multigravidae. HIV infection and placental parasitemia were each associated with increased risk of anemia. Thus, HIV infection and parasitemia are important independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Among multigravidae, HIV infection and placental parasitemia may interact to produce an impact greater than the sum of their independent effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of HIV Infection and Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia on Pregnancy Outcomes in Malawi

Nkhoma

Kalilani-Phiri

Mwapasa

et al. 2012

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In addition, following DNA extraction (QIAmp, Qiagen, Germany), Plasmodium species and submicroscopic infections were ascertained by nested PCR assays, 17 taking advantage of the almost complete sensitivity in detecting placentally confined Plasmodium falciparum infections. 18 Of note, in this population, MiP increased the odds of LBW by 70% and of PD by 80%. 16 From June to August 2015, we retrieved 200 of the former newborns, now aged 15 years, and invited them for a follow-up visit.…”

Section: Study Site Design and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

In utero exposure to malaria is associated with metabolic traits in adolescence: The Agogo 2000 birth cohort study

Bedu-Addo

Alicke

Boakye-Appiah

et al. 2017

Journal of Infection

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Summary Objectives: Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) contributes to fetal undernutrition and adverse birth outcomes, and may constitute a developmental origin of metabolic diseases in the offspring. In a Ghanaian birth cohort, we examined the relationships between MiP-exposure and metabolic traits in adolescence.Methods: MiP at delivery was assessed in 155 mother-child pairs. Among the now teenaged children (mean age, 14.8 years; 53% male), we measured fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Associations of MiP with the adolescents' FPG, BMI, and BP were examined by linear regression.Results: At delivery, 45% were MiP-exposed, which increased FPG in adolescence, adjusted for mother's age at delivery, parity and familial socio-economic status (infected vs. uninfected: mean ΔFPG = 0.20 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.39; p = 0.049). As a trend, this was discernible for BP, particularly for microscopic infections (mean Δsystolic BP = 5.43 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.00, 10.88; p = 0.050; mean Δdiastolic BP = 3.67 mmHg; 95% CI: −0.81, 8.14; p = 0.107). These associations were largely independent of birth weight, gestational age and teenage BMI. Adolescent BMI was not related to MiP. Conclusions:In rural Ghana, exposure to malaria during fetal development contributes to metabolic conditions in young adulthood.

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“…13,14 The detection of P. vivax and P. falciparum parasitemia by PCR, at levels undetectable by microscopy, has been reported by several authors. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] PCR has been used for malaria diagnosis in communitybased studies carried out in Sri Lanka (one study in the Anuradhapura district and the other study in the Kurunegala and Trincomalee districts). 22,23 Neither of these studies reported any malaria positives by microscopy or PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of Polymerase Chain Reaction to Supplement Field Microscopy in a Pre-Selected Population with a High Probability of Malaria Infections

Gunasekera¹,

Abeyasinghe²,

Premawansa³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. This study determines the use of nested PCR as a diagnostic tool to supplement field microscopy in symptomatic individuals suspected of being positive for malaria, and it explores its role in active case detection to identify asymptomatic parasite carriers. In symptomatic individuals, compared with PCR, microscopy had a sensitivity of 86.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 77.8-92.4) and specificity of 100% (95% CI = 96.9-100). During active case detection, two asymptomatic persons were diagnosed as having vivax malaria by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) but not microscopy. Currently, PCR is being carried out in Sri Lanka only for population surveys to estimate the hidden reservoir of malaria. Based on the results of this study and because of cost considerations, pooled PCR will be used in the future to screen samples from clinically suspected foci to increase the proportion of malaria cases detected. This strategy will assist the success of the malaria elimination program in Sri Lanka.

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Diagnosis of Placental Malaria

Cited by 93 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of HIV Infection and Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia on Pregnancy Outcomes in Malawi

Effect of HIV Infection and Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia on Pregnancy Outcomes in Malawi

In utero exposure to malaria is associated with metabolic traits in adolescence: The Agogo 2000 birth cohort study

Usefulness of Polymerase Chain Reaction to Supplement Field Microscopy in a Pre-Selected Population with a High Probability of Malaria Infections

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