Diagnosis of Schmallenberg virus infection in malformed lambs and calves and first indications for virus clearance in the fetus

Regge, Nick De; Berg, Thierry van den; Georges, Laura; Cay, Brigitte

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.029

Cited by 72 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Hence, SBV genome is detected much more frequently in aborted, stillborn and/or malformed lambs (length of gestation in sheep approximate 5 months) than in calves (9 months) [23]. Furthermore, compared to meconium swabs used in this study, brain samples are a more suitable material [21], but sampling is complicated and only possible in dead calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition to real-time PCR results, the detection of pre-colostral SBV-specific antibodies that are produced by the fetus itself once it became immunocompetent [24], is a valuable tool to confirm an SBV-infection of the fetus during pregnancy [21], [22]. Indeed, 9 out of 71 calves tested positive by ELISA, and only 6 of them also by PCR; and all of them were borne alive with no visible clinical signs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Infection of Pregnant Cows with Schmallenberg Virus – A Follow-Up Study

et al. 2014

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Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an orthobunyavirus discovered in European livestock in late 2011 for the first time, causes premature or stillbirth and severe fetal malformation when cows and ewes are infected during pregnancy. Therefore, cattle of two holdings in the initially most affected area in Germany were closely monitored to describe the consequence for fetuses and newborn calves. Seventy-one calves whose mothers were naturally infected during the first five months of pregnancy were clinically, virologically, and serologically examined. One calve showed typical malformation, another one, born without visible abnormalities, was dead. Two cows aborted during the studied period; spleen and brain samples or meconium swabs were tested by real-time PCR, in none of the fetuses SBV-specific RNA was detectable and the tested fetal sera were negative in a commercially available antibody ELISA. In contrast, in nine clinically healthy calves high SBV-antibody titers were measurable before colostrum intake, and in meconium swabs of six of these animals viral RNA was present as well. The mothers of all nine seropositive calves were presumably infected between days 47 and 162 of gestation, which is within the critical timeframe for fetal infection suggested for SBV and related viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Infection of Pregnant Cows with Schmallenberg Virus – A Follow-Up Study

et al. 2014

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“…Further findings in immunophenotyping of inflammatory cells of the central nervous system of ruminants were suggestive of differential susceptibility of different brain regions and, although inflammation is strongly associated with presence of Schmallenberg virus antigen, malformations do occur in association with and without inflammation in the central nervous system . Presence of virus is, in most cases, detected by RT-qPCR, but combining RTqPCR on brain stem with specific antibody testing in fetal fluids maximizes proportion of confirmed cases of Schmallenberg disease diagnosis in malformed lambs (De Regge et al, 2013). Immunohistochemical detection of Schmallenberg virus antigens in neurons of the gray matter of brain and spinal cord at natural infection suggested that muscular hypoplasia observed in Schmallenberg virus-infected lambs is secondary to central nervous system damage .…”

Section: Clinical Signs and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obviously, a shorter gestation period, of 140-150 days will defer this period to 35-38 days after conception. Since no information is available on the time between conception and Schmallenberg virus infection in field cases, detection of viral RNA, by using RT-qPCR on samples of preferred brain stem tissue from stillborn malformed lambs is not always successful, because the fetal immune system, which becomes competent at mid-gestation (from the embryonic age of 90 days), might have already cleared the virus (De Regge et al, 2013).…”

Section: Clinical Signs and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Schmallenberg disease in sheep or goats: Past, present and future

Lievaart‐Peterson

Luttikholt

Peperkamp

et al. 2015

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…Hastalık; sığırlarda ateş, iştahsızlık, süt üretiminde azalma, kondüsyon kaybı ve ishalle karakterizeyken (11,14,18), koyun ve keçilerde kongenital malformasyonlarla beraber abortus ve ölü doğum gözlenmektedir (18). Kuzu, oğlak ve buzağılarda transplasental enfeksiyonlarla; artrogripozise, columna vertabralis (kifoz, lordosis, skolyoz, tortikolis) ve kafatası (makrosefali, brachygnathia inferior) bozuklukları gibi şiddetli kongenital malformasyonlara, çeşitli beyin (hidranensefali, porensefali, serebellar hipoplazi, beyin kökü hipoplazisi) ve spinal cord hasarlarına neden olabilmektedir (6,7). Zoonoz özelliği olmayan (9, 13) SBV'ye karşı çeşitli denemelerden sonra aşı geliştirilmiş-tir (10,27).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Kırıkkale’de yetiştirilen koyunlarda Schmallenberg virüs seroprevalansı ve bazı coğrafi özelliklerle ilişkisi

AZKUR

2017

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Özet: Avrupa'da 2011 yılında ruminantları etkileyen yeni bir virüs belirlenmiştir. Schmallenberg olarak isimlendirilen bu virü-sün Türkiye'deki yaygınlığı üzerine yapılan çalışmalar oldukça sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu çalışmada; koyun yetiştiriciliğinde büyük ekonomik kayıplara neden olan Schmallenberg virüsün (SBV) seroprevalansı ve Culicoides'lerle nakledilmesinden dolayı bazı coğrafi özel-likler (rakım, büyük su kaynaklarına yakın olması) ile seroprevalans arası ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Kırıkkale merkez ve ilçelerinde, 684 ile 1219 m arası rakımda bulunan, 38 koyun sürüsündeki 1038 hayvandan (969 koyun, 69 koç) kan serum örneği alınarak ticari ELISA kiti ile SBV özgül antikorları yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya alınan hayvanların yaşları ≥2 -<4 (n=517), ≥4 -<6 (n=474), ≥6 (n=47) olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Örneklenen hayvanların %0.38'i (4/1038) pozitif, %0.57'si (6/1038) şüpheli olarak değerlendirilmiştir. SBV antikorları yönünden pozitif olarak belirlenen dört hayvanın birinin koç, üçünün koyun; şüpheli olarak değerlendirilen altı hayvanın ise birinin koç, beşinin koyun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Pozitif ve şüpheli olarak belirlenen hayvanların bulunduğu sürülerin belli bir rakımda yoğunlaşmadığı ve bu sürülerin yarısının büyük su kaynaklarına yakın olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. SBV yönünden pozitif örnek sayısı az olduğu için seroprevalansı ile yaş grupları, cinsiyet ve bazı coğrafi özellikler arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmemiştir. Kırıkkale'de yetiştirilen koyunlarda, SBV seroprevalansının araştırıldığı bu çalışma ile enfeksiyonun varlığı ilk kez ortaya konulmuş olup, abortus/anomalili yavru doğumları gözlenen sürülerde, söz konusu enfeksiyonun da araştırılmasının uygun olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.Anahtar sözcükler: Coğrafi özellikler, Kırıkkale, koyun, Schmallenberg virüs, seroprevalans.Seroprevalance of Schmallenberg virus and its relationship with some geographical features in sheep reared in Kirikkale* Summary: A virus, which effects ruminants, was firstly described in 2011 in Europe. There are limited information about this virus called Schmallenberg in Turkey. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalance of Schmallenberg virus (SBV), which may cause major economic losses to sheep, and the association between seroprevalance and some geographical features (e.g. altitude, near a large water source) because of transmission by Culicoides spp. Blood samples from 1038 animals (969 ewes, 69 rams) in 38 flocks were collected and evaluated with a commercial ELISA kit in terms of specific antibody for SBV in centrum and eight towns of Kirikkale, where the altitudes ranges from 684 to 1219 meters. Age groups of the animals were determined as ≥2 -<4 (n= 517), ≥4 -<6 (n= 474) and ≥6 (n= 47) years old. The samples of Schmallenberg virus specific antibody detected as positive and suspected were 0.38% (4/1038) and 0.57% (6/1038), respectively. One out of four Schmallenberg virus specific antibody positive animals was ram, the others were ewes. On th...

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Diagnosis of Schmallenberg virus infection in malformed lambs and calves and first indications for virus clearance in the fetus

Cited by 72 publications

References 10 publications

Natural Infection of Pregnant Cows with Schmallenberg Virus – A Follow-Up Study

Natural Infection of Pregnant Cows with Schmallenberg Virus – A Follow-Up Study

Schmallenberg disease in sheep or goats: Past, present and future

Kırıkkale’de yetiştirilen koyunlarda Schmallenberg virüs seroprevalansı ve bazı coğrafi özelliklerle ilişkisi

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