Diagnosis of shoulder instability in dogs and cats: a retrospective study

Abstract

The glenohumeral joint is a remarkable articulation providing the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. Glenohumeral stability results from several mechanisms, including those that do not require expenditure of energy by muscle ("passive mechanisms") and those that do ("active mechanisms"). Glenohumeral instability has been recognized in 47 shoulders of 45 dogs and one cat. Cases are presented because of chronic foreleg lameness. Shoulder joint pain is obviated by the orthopedic examination. Only 57% of the involved shoulders presented with degenerative joint disease. Signs of instability are recognized under anesthesia using a craniocaudal or mediolateral drawer sign or both. This report describes the radiographic and arthroscopic findings of shoulder instability. Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint allows identification of all intra-articular pathologies. Shoulder instability, not fully recognized in the past, appears to be the most common cause of shoulder lameness in the dog.

Evaluation of traction stirrup distraction technique to increase the joint space of the shoulder joint in the dog: A cadaveric study

“…Many arthroscopic findings in the dog shoulder have been described, whose diagnosis was extremely difficult before the use of arthroscopic examination (Bardet, 1998). In human medicine, shoulder arthroscopy can be performed with the patient in either lateral recumbency or a sitting position (Correa et al, 2008), while the standard position in the dog is lateral recumbency with the leg to be operated on in uppermost position and the humerus parallel to the ground or slightly adducted (Bardet, 1998;Beale et al, 2003;Riener et al, 2009;Schulz et al, 2004). Alternatively, however, a hanging limb technique with the dog in dorsal recumbency has also been described to allow for bilateral arthroscopy (Cook and Cook, 2009).…”

“…Arthroscopy has been largely used as a diagnostic tool and as a treatment technique for shoulder diseases in small animals (Bardet, 1998;Cook and Cook, 2009;Wall and Taylor, 2002). Many arthroscopic findings in the dog shoulder have been described, whose diagnosis was extremely difficult before the use of arthroscopic examination (Bardet, 1998).…”

Duas abordagens artroscópicas para a articulação escapulo umeral no cão

“…O exame artroscópico permite a visibilização direta da cartilagem, da membrana sinovial, dos tendões e ligamentos intra-articulares sob iluminação e magnificação da imagem, dentro de um ambiente natural da articulação (BARDET, 1995;BARDET, 1998;MCCARTHY, 1999;TOMLINSON, 2001;JOHNSON;HULSE, 2002;BEALE et. al., 2003).…”

La chirurgie articulaire assistée sous arthroscopie chez les carnivores domestiques

“…De diagnos tique, l'endoscopie e t devenue thérapeutique. Pour le chirurgien, à l'issu de l'examen arthro copique diagnostic, la tentation de traiter la lésion lors du même acte est toujour grande [2 , 6, [8,9], les tendinites intra-articulaires [2], les fragmentations ostéo-cartilagineuses telles les fragmentations des processus coronoïdes [13], les fractures parcel laires [5], les non-unions des processus articulaires [7], les avulsions épi physaires, les fractures intercondyliennes [l], les ruptures de ligament croi sé antérieur [3], les luxations sacro-iliaques [4]. L' arthroscopie a apporté une aide incontestable dans le diagnostic des affections tendineuses intra articulaires.…”

“…La qualité de la réduction ne e fait qu'au détriment d'une voie d'abord importante, d'une séparation et d'un isolement vasculaire du condy le qui peut nuire à la croissance ultérieure normale. La réduction sous contrôle arthroscopique permet de s'assurer de la parfaite position des sur faces articulaires avant, pendant et après le vissage ainsi que de l'absence de passage articulaire des implants [2]. Le vissage peut être effectué de façon percutanée grâce à l'utilisation récente de vis canulées.…”