Diagnosis of Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma by the Vascular Pattern and Velocimetric Parameters Using High Resolution Pulsed and Power Doppler Ultrasonography

Miyakawa, Megumi; Onoda, Noritaka; Eto, Miki; Izumi, Fujio; Takano, Kazue; Okamoto, Takahiro; Obara, Takao

doi:10.1507/endocrj.52.207

Cited by 61 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…According to a study by Paramo et al, the incidence of malignancy in Fn increased if nodule size was larger than 4cm, this suggested larger nodules have a higher possibility of being malignant [10]. However, in our study FC were not found more frequently in nodules larger than 4cm; in fact, 8 (32%) cases of malignancy were found in nodules measuring less than ful in differentiating malignancy from benign FA [23].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…When compare to Fukunari study, the number of FC was less but our study was not only designed to evaluate the flow pattern of FN but to evaluate the uS features of Fn in detail including the internal content, margin, shape, echotexture, echogenicity, and the presence of calcifications with the pre-operative cytology results. As several authors suggested that Doppler flow analysis can provide useful information regarding the probability of malignant involvement with follicular cytology results [4,[22][23][24], we agree that it is useful in the decision-making process for surgical process, and the extent of resection of follicular lesions along with more careful pre-operative assessment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Also clinical factors alone should not be used as a predictive factor of malignancy in FN and further research should be carried out to identify molecular markers of malignancy and imaging features of Fn. lar margin without a hypoechoic halo more frequently than do FA [23]; although it was not statistically significant, ill defined margin was more often visualized in FC. They also suggested that cystic degeneration within the nodule is rarely seen in follicular carcinomas, but in our study 12 cases showed internal cystic degeneration in follicular malignancy (Figure 3), and entire solid nodules were seen in 25 cases of follicular adenomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Clinical and Ultrasound Features of Cytology Diagnosed Follicular Neoplasm

2009

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Abstract. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical and ultrasound (uS) features of malig nancy in patients using cytological results of follicular neoplasm (Fn) in the thyroid. We followed 165 patients with cytology diagnosed Fn and evaluated the final surgical histopathology outcomes in 114 patients between March 2006 and November 2008. Patient histopathology, age, sex, tumor size, and US charac teristics and the color flow pattern of the lesions were analyzed and compared between benign and carci nomas. Twenty five (21.9%) of the 114 FN were found to be follicular carcinomas (FC); 15 minimally invasive FC, 4 widely invasive FC, and 6 FVPTC. Benign included 78 FA, 8 atypical FA, and 3 Hurthle cell adenomas. The incidence of malignancy was 31.8% (7/22) in men and 19.6% (18/92) in women (p=0.253); and it was similar throughout the different age (<45 vs. >45) and nodule size groups (<2cm vs.>2cm, <4cm vs. >4cm). The difference of shape, margin, the presence of a halo, internal content, and calcifications was not statistically significant (p value =0.05). In malignancy more frequent internal central color Doppler flow was present (p=0.030). Color Doppler flow pattern of FN with other clinicopathological factors should be carefully considered when predicting the malignant potential of FN.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Clinical and Ultrasound Features of Cytology Diagnosed Follicular Neoplasm

2009

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“…A larger size and increased intranodular vascularity on color or power Doppler imaging are also predictive of malignancy [109][110][111][112].…”

Section: Assessment and Treatment Of Thyroid Nodulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Khosravi¹,

Kouhi²,

Saeedi³

et al. 2017

Diagnosis and Management of Head and Neck Cancer

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Rapidly increasing trend of thyroid cancer incidence has turned this disease into a global concern. An estimated number of 64,300 new cases of thyroid cancer occurred in men and women in 2016, which represents 3.8% of all new cancer cases of USA (htps://seer. cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html). Thus, there is a high possibility for every physician to encounter a case of thyroid cancer during his/her professional lifetime. In this chapter, we clariied epidemiology, diferent categories, and new approaches toward diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer.Keywords: thyroid cancer, epidemiology, diferentiated thyroid cancer, undiferentiated thyroid cancer, thyroid nodule Detailed epidemiology of thyroid cancerAs the most common endocrine cancer and ifth most common cancer in women, thyroid cancer includes approximately 1-1.5% of all new cases of cancer diagnosed annually in the USA based on previous data [1][2][3]. Thyroid cancer is more prevalent among women and those with positive family history of thyroid disease. Some prior studies have reported a worldwide increasing trend for thyroid cancer incidence in recent decades [4]. Annual percent change (APC) is a commonly used indicator for the assessment of changes in incidence. Based on US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, it has been reported 2.4% from 1980 to 1997 and 6.6% from 1997 to 2009 in both genders for thyroid cancer (data available at htp://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html).© 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.According to [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013] data, the rate of new cases of thyroid cancer was 13.9 per 100,000 men and women per year (Figure 1). Table 1 summarizes number of new cases per 100,000 persons by race/ethnicity and sex. A recently published study on adolescent cancer incidence during 1975-2012 has reported a 2.12% increase for females and 1.59% for males between 15 and 19 years of age [5]. However, there is a study indicating that thyroid cancer incidence trend has slowed following release of American Thyroid Association (ATA) guideline in 2009 [6, 7]. It has been reported that overall thyroid cancer incidence had an increasing trend about 8% per year from 2000 to 2009. But APC showed a deceleration about 3% in men and 2.8% in women, which was conined to tumors less than 2.9 cm of size for women [7].Also, thyroid cancer-related mortality was estimated to consist 0.3% of all cancer-related deaths in 2016. A 5-year survival rate of 98.1% has been reported for thyroid cancer. Despite increasing trend of incidence, thyroid cancer mortality has a relatively stable rate about 0.5 cases per 100,000 persons both from 1973 to 2002 and 2009 to 2013 [8, 9].In conclusion, it seems that thyroid cancer has been following an ...

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“…Existem poucos estudos na literatura avaliando a utilização do Doppler pulsado, com medida do índice de resistência arterial, nos nódulos da tireoide, alguns com bons resultados (3,(26)(27)(28), principalmente na tentativa de diferenciação das neoplasias foliculares malignas no grupo citológico indeterminado. Outros estudos não encontraram utilidade para tal recurso (29,30).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified