Diagnosis of Urethral Flow Parameters by Ultrasonic Backscatter

Albright, Robert J.; Harris, J. H.

doi:10.1109/tbme.1975.324532

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Using QUS methods for the precise characterization of blood or more specifically red-blood cells (RBCs) and RBC aggregation has been an active area of research since the early 1970s [8, 132,133]. A typical human RBC can be assumed to be biconcave with a diameter of 8 μm and a thickness of 2.8 μm.…”

Section: Successful Applications Of Quantitative Ultrasoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Quantitative Ultrasound: Envelope Statistics and Backscatter Coefficient Imaging and Contributions to Diagnostic Ultrasound

Oelze

Mamou

2016

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

304

206

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Conventional medical imaging technologies, including ultrasound, have continued to improve over the years. For example, in oncology, medical imaging is characterized by high sensitivity, i.e., the ability to detect anomalous tissue features, but the ability to classify these tissue features from images often lacks specificity. As a result, a large number of biopsies of tissues with suspicious image findings are performed each year with a vast majority of these biopsies resulting in a negative finding. To improve specificity of cancer imaging, quantitative imaging techniques can play an important role. Conventional ultrasound B-mode imaging is mainly qualitative in nature. However, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) imaging can provide specific numbers related to tissue features that can increase the specificity of image findings leading to improvements in diagnostic ultrasound. QUS imaging techniques can encompass a wide variety of techniques including spectral-based parameterization, elastography, shear wave imaging, flow estimation and envelope statistics. Currently, spectral-based parameterization and envelope statistics are not available on most conventional clinical ultrasound machines. However, in recent years QUS techniques involving spectral-based parameterization and envelope statistics have demonstrated success in many applications, providing additional diagnostic capabilities. Spectral-based techniques include the estimation of the backscatter coefficient, estimation of attenuation, and estimation of scatterer properties such as the correlation length associated with an effective scatterer diameter and the effective acoustic concentration of scatterers. Envelope statistics include the estimation of the number density of scatterers and quantification of coherent to incoherent signals produced from the tissue. Challenges for clinical application include correctly accounting for attenuation effects and transmission losses and implementation of QUS on clinical devices. Successful clinical and pre-clinical applications demonstrating the ability of QUS to improve medical diagnostics include characterization of the myocardium during the cardiac cycle, cancer detection, classification of solid tumors and lymph nodes, detection and quantification of fatty liver disease, and monitoring and assessment of therapy.

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Section: Successful Applications Of Quantitative Ultrasoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Quantitative Ultrasound: Envelope Statistics and Backscatter Coefficient Imaging and Contributions to Diagnostic Ultrasound

Oelze

Mamou

2016

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

304

206

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“…In this regard, the underlying mechanisms of shear-activated proteinic ligands like the FimH subunit of Type-1 fimbriae of E. coli or von Willebrand factor might lead the way for the engineering of site-specific drug carriers that efficiently adhere under flow conditions. 12,29 Experimental Materials Sylgard Ò 184 Silicone Elastomer Kit was purchased from Baltres (Baden, Austria). Resomer Ò RG502H (PLGA, lactide/glycolide ratio 50 : 50, inherent viscosity 0.22 dL g À1 , acid number 9 mg KOH g À1 ) was obtained from Boehringer Ingelheim (Ingelheim, Germany).…”

Section: Impact Of Flow On Cell-bound Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Temporally high shear rates of about 400 s À1 also have to be expected in the urethra upon emiction. 12 To attain preferential binding of the carrier to the diseased tissue in these environments, the size and ligand coating density of the colloids has to be adjusted according to the flow conditions as well as the expected receptor density and affinity at the target tissue. 1,2,5 In order to be able to practically optimize these parameters of potential drug delivery vehicles, parallelizable in vitro bioassays have to be developed which offer the possibility of controllable flow generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An acoustically-driven biochip – impact of flow on the cell-association of targeted drug carriers

et al. 2009

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The interaction of targeted drug carriers with epithelial and endothelial barriers in vivo is largely determined by the dynamics of the body fluids. To simulate these conditions in binding assays, a fully biocompatible in vitro model was developed which can accurately mimic a wide range of physiological flow conditions on a thumbnail-format cell-chip. This acoustically-driven microfluidic system was used to study the interaction characteristics of protein-coated particles with cells. Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles (2.9 +/- 1 microm) were conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-MP, cytoadhesive protein) or bovine serum albumin (BSA-MP, non-specific protein) and their binding to epithelial cell monolayers was investigated under stationary and flow conditions. While mean numbers of 1500 +/- 307 mm(-2) WGA-MP and 94 +/- 64 mm(-2) BSA-MP respectively were detected to be cell-bound in the stationary setup, incubation at increasing flow velocities increasingly antagonized the attachment of both types of surface-modified particles. However, while binding of BSA-MP was totally inhibited by flow, grafting with WGA resulted in a pronounced anchoring effect. This was indicated by a mean number of 747 +/- 241 mm(-2) and 104 +/- 44 mm(-2) attached particles at shear rates of 0.2 s(-1) and 1 s(-1) respectively. Due to the compactness of the fluidic chip which favours parallelization, this setup represents a highly promising approach towards a screening platform for the performance of drug delivery vehicles under physiological flow conditions. In this regard, the flow-chip is expected to provide substantial information for the successful design and development of targeted micro- and nanoparticulate drug carrier systems.

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On the doppler signal from a steady flow asymmetrical stenosis model: Effects of turbulence

Bascom

Cobbold

Routh³

et al. 1993

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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Diagnosis of Urethral Flow Parameters by Ultrasonic Backscatter

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Review of Quantitative Ultrasound: Envelope Statistics and Backscatter Coefficient Imaging and Contributions to Diagnostic Ultrasound

Review of Quantitative Ultrasound: Envelope Statistics and Backscatter Coefficient Imaging and Contributions to Diagnostic Ultrasound

An acoustically-driven biochip – impact of flow on the cell-association of targeted drug carriers

On the doppler signal from a steady flow asymmetrical stenosis model: Effects of turbulence

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