Diagnostic Accuracy, Item Analysis and Age Effects of the UPSIT Spanish Version in Parkinson’s Disease

Campabadal, Anna; Segura, Bàrbara; Baggio, Hugo C.; Abós, Alexandra; Uribe, Carme; García-Díaz, Anna Isabel; Martı́, Marı́a José; Valldeoriola, Francesc; Compta, Yaroslau; Bargalló, Núria; Junqué, Carme

doi:10.1093/arclin/acy053

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…14 The Russian, Japanese, Taiwanese, Spanish, and Thai versions of the UPSIT had more than 3 odors lower than this cut-off. [20][21][22][23][24] Although all the participants included in the validation process were in their third and fourth decades of age, some of the recruited participants were older. The relationship of age with score was found to be inverse, which is consistent with the literature (Figure 2).…”

Section: Sa-upsit Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-cultural modification of the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test for the Saudi Arabian population

Alsaleh,

Alhussien,

Alsubaie

et al. 2024

SMJ

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Objectives: To develop a reliable version of the Saudi Arabian-University of Pennsylvania smell identification test (SA-UPSIT) and to establish normative values for both genders. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on voluntarily recruited normal participants in King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from April 2018 to May 2023. Culture-familiar odors were chosen and the kit was translated into Arabic for the study. The test was modified 3 times in 4 versions. Following this, a random sample was collected to carry out a re-test after 6 weeks. Results: A total of 288 subjects participated in the development of the SA-UPSIT across all versions, including 146 females and 142 males. The average age of the participants was 28.4±9.9 years. In the final version, 111 participants scored an average of 34.5±2.5 for the total score, 35±2.3 for females, and 34.1±2.6 for males. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.73, indicating acceptable reliability. Conclusion: The new changes carried out to the SA-UPSIT increased the average scores and demonstrated good reliability, making it clinically applicable for diagnosing and monitoring olfactory dysfunction.

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Section: Sa-upsit Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-cultural modification of the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test for the Saudi Arabian population

Alsaleh,

Alhussien,

Alsubaie

et al. 2024

SMJ

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“…The disparities in the outcomes of these studies may stem from the utilization of different olfactory assessments, suggesting the potential for identification of more specific odors associated with clinical symptoms of PD. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is the most widely used tool to evaluate PD olfactory deficits ( 11 ). A few abbreviated UPSIT subsets have been proposed to have potential in identifying hyposmia in PD ( 12 , 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UPSIT subitems may predict motor progression in Parkinson’s disease

Lin,

Fang,

Lei

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

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BackgroundThe relationship between hyposmia and motor progression is controversial in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether preserved identification of Chinese-validated University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) odors could predict PD motor progression.MethodsPD patients with two consecutive clinical visits while taking medication were recruited. Based on mean changes in Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part 3 score and levodopa equivalent daily dosage, the participants were categorized into rapid progression, medium progression, and slow progression groups. Odors associated with the risk of PD motor progression were identified by calculating the odds ratios of UPSIT item identification between the rapid and slow progression groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of these odors was conducted to determine an optimal threshold for rapid motor progression.ResultsA total of 117 PD patients were screened for group classification. Preserved identification of neutral/pleasant odors including banana, peach, magnolia, and baby powder was significantly correlated with rapid motor progression. The risk of rapid progression increased with more detected risk odors. Detection of ≥1.5 risk odors could differentiate rapid progression from slow progression with a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 45.8%, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.687.ConclusionPreserved identification of neutral/pleasant odors may help to predict PD motor progression, and detection of ≥1.5 UPSIT motor progression risk odors could improve the predictive power. In PD patients with a similar level of motor disability during initial screening, preserved pleasant/neutral odor identification may imply relatively better cortical odor discriminative function, which may suggest the body-first (caudo-rostral) subtype with faster disease progression.

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“…The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-40) and the Sniffin' Stick test are the most frequently used tests to evaluate olfaction worldwide. Both tests have been traditionally used as diagnostic complementary tools in PD [9,10] and their accuracy for this disease is high [11][12][13][14]. Furthermore, methods have been proposed to convert between UPSIT-40 and Sniffin' Stick test scores with metaanalytic purposes [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the accuracy and neuroanatomical correlates of the UPSIT-40 and the Sniffin’ Sticks test in REM sleep behavior disorder

Campabadal

Segura

Junqué

et al. 2019

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

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A B S T R A C TBackground: Olfactory impairment increases the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases in patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (IRBD). Knowing the test properties of distinct olfactory measures could contribute to their selection for clinical or research purposes. Objective: To compare the accuracy in distinguishing IRBD patients from controls with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-40) and Sniffin' Sticks Extended test, and to assess the gray-matter volume correlates of these tests. Method: Twenty-one patients with IRBD and 27 healthy controls were assessed using both olfactory tests. Independent logistic regressions were computed with diagnosis as a dependent variable and olfactory measures as predictive variables. Receiver operating characteristic curves were computed for each olfactory subtest. Diagnostic accuracy for IRBD was calculated according to the resulting optimal cut-off score. Structural MRI data, acquired with a 3T scanner, were analyzed with voxel-based morphometry. Results: Patients differed from controls in all olfactory measures. The Sniffin-Identification correctly classified 89.1% of cases; the UPSIT-40, 85.4%; the Sniffin-Discrimination, 82.6%; the Sniffin-Total, 81.8%; and the Sniffin-Threshold, 77.3%. Respective AUROC, optimal cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity for each test were: 0.902, ≤26, 85.7%, and 85.2% for the UPSIT-40; 0.884, ≤29, 89.5%, and 76.0% for the Sniffin-Total; 0.922, ≤11, 90.5%, and 88.0% for the Sniffin-Identification; 0.739, ≤4, 73.7%, and 76.0% for the Sniffin-Threshold; and 0.838, ≤11, 85.7%, and 76.0% for the Sniffin-Discrimination. UPSIT-40 scores correlated with gray-matter volumes in orbitofrontal regions in anosmic patients. Conclusions: UPSIT-40 and Sniffin' Identification showed similar discrimination accuracy, but only the UPSIT-40 showed structural correlates (p ≤ .05 FDR-corrected). dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease (PD), or multiple system atrophy [2,3]. In this setting, IRBD has been described as the strongest and most specific clinical predictor of neurodegenerative disease available [4]. Therefore, there is a growing interest in finding clinical biomarkers of neurodegeneration in this prodromal disorder.Since olfactory loss has also been recognized as a premotor symptom of PD [5,6], it has been widely studied as a possible biomarker of neurodegeneration in IRBD [7]. In this sense, olfactory impairment in RBD has been reported in 35.7-97.0% of patients compared with

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Diagnostic Accuracy, Item Analysis and Age Effects of the UPSIT Spanish Version in Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract: In the Spanish UPSIT version, sensitivity and specificity are improved when specific cut-off scores for different age groups are computed.

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Cross-cultural modification of the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test for the Saudi Arabian population

Cross-cultural modification of the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test for the Saudi Arabian population

UPSIT subitems may predict motor progression in Parkinson’s disease

Comparing the accuracy and neuroanatomical correlates of the UPSIT-40 and the Sniffin’ Sticks test in REM sleep behavior disorder

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