Diagnostic Accuracy of Capillary Blood Glucometer Testing for Gestational Diabetes

Comparing the screening methods for gestational diabetes mellitus before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review

“…Screening methods used for GDM before and during the COVID-19 pandemic There were two primary methods for screening for GDM globally prior to the COVID-19 pandemic: one-step and two-step OGTTs (Table 3). The one-step method 11,12,28,29,31,[33][34][35][36]38 used a 2 h, 75 g OGTT to diagnose GDM based on the guidelines of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE-2015) 3 , World Health Organization (WHO-2013) 22 , and the International Association of Diabetes, and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG-2010) 39 . Two-step methods combined 50 g, 1 h glucose challenge tests (GCT) with 75 g, 2 h OGTTs 11,12,33 or 50 g, 1 h glucose challenge tests (GCT) with the 3 h, 100 g OGTTs 32,37 for universal or high-risk groups based on the Canadian Diabetes Association (DC-2018) 40 and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG-2018) 41 guidelines.…”

“…The participating women's average BMI (20.4 ± 2.5–33.0 ± 6.7) was reported in all but two studies 28,29 . Five studies did not report any details regarding ethnicity 28–32 . Five studies reported the number of smokers as a proportion of all subjects ranging from 7.3% to 33% 11,12,33–35 , while the other eight studies did not take this factor into account 28–32,36–38 .…”

“…Five studies did not report any details regarding ethnicity 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 . Five studies reported the number of smokers as a proportion of all subjects ranging from 7.3% to 33% 11 , 12 , 33 , 34 , 35 , while the other eight studies did not take this factor into account 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 36 , 37 , 38 . In only eight studies, the percentage of participants who had a family history of diabetes was reported, ranging from 4.1% to 29.8% 12 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 38 .…”

“…Various alternative screening methods for GDM were proposed during the COVID‐19 pandemic (Table 4 ). FPG, RPF, and HbA1c are the main screening methods for GDM suggested by different countries during the COVID‐19 pandemic 11 , 12 , 29 , 34 , 35 , 37 Furthermore, Nachtergaele et al . 34 reported targeted screening tests (low risk = green‐OGTT, medium risk = amber‐FPG + OGTT, high risk = red‐FPG), according to the new guideline of Australian Diabetes Society (ADS‐2020) 42 , which suggested offering specific screening tests to expectant women according to the medical environment risks.…”

“…Gallardo‐Rincón et al . 29 compared the capillary blood glucose with venous plasma blood glucose after a 2 h, 75 g, OGTT based in Mexico. They reported that capillary blood glucose achieves a sensitivity of 89.47% and a specificity of 66.58%, which was believed to be an effective alternative method to OGTTs, especially in low‐resource areas where limitations on the collection of venous plasma blood exist.…”