Diagnostic accuracy of evoked potentials for functional impairment after contusive spinal cord injury in adult rats

Zhou, James J.; Krishnan, R. V.; Manem, Nihita; Umredkar, Shreya; Hamilton, D. Kojo; Balzer, Jeffrey; Oudega, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2015.10.010

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…SEPs, which are commonly used for intra-operative monitoring of the spinal cord [ 45 , 46 ], have been introduced for the diagnosis, prognosis and quantification of the physiological integrity of the sensory pathways [ 47 , 48 ], which extend from the periphery to the somatosensory cortex. A substantial number of studies have confirmed that SEPs may serve as a biomarker of neurological status [ 49 , 50 ] and indicators of ultrastructural damage [ 51 ], with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of electrical conductivity of the dorsal ascending pathways [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated injections of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly promotes functional recovery in rabbits with spinal cord injury of two noncontinuous segments

Yang

Wang

et al. 2018

Stem Cell Res Ther

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BackgroundSpinal cord injuries (SCIs) are sustained by an increasing number of patients each year worldwide. The treatment of SCIs has long been a hard nut to crack for doctors around the world. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown benefits for the repair of SCI and recovery of function. Our present study aims to investigate the effects of intravenously infused human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) on functional recovery after subacute spinal cord compression injury of two noncontinuous segments. In addition, we compared the effects of single infusion and repeated intravenous (i.v.) injections on the recovery of spinal cord function.MethodsA total of 43 adult rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control, single injection (SI), repeated injection at a 3-day (3RI) or repeated injection at a 7-day interval (7RI) groups. Non-immunosuppressed rabbits in the transplantation groups were infused with either a single complete dose or three divided doses of 2 × 106 hUCB-MSCs (3-day or 7-day intervals) on the first day post decompression. Behavioural scores and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were used to evaluate hindlimb functional recovery. The survival and differentiation of the transplanted human cells and the activation of the host glial and inflammatory reaction in the injured spinal cord were studied by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsOur results showed that hUCB-MSCs survived, proliferated, and primarily differentiated into oligodendrocytes in the injured area. Treatment with hUCB-MSCs reduced the extent of astrocytic activation, increased axonal preservation, potentially promoted axonal regeneration, decreased the number of Iba-1+ and TUNEL+ cells, increased the amplitude and decreased the onset latency of SEPs and significantly promoted functional improvement. However, these effects were more pronounced in the 3RI group compared with the SI and 7RI groups.ConclusionsOur results suggest that treatment with i.v. injected hUCB-MSCs after subacute spinal cord compression injury of two noncontinuous segments can promote functional recovery through the differentiation of hUCB-MSCs into specific cell types and the enhancement of anti-inflammatory, anti-astrogliosis, anti-apoptotic and axonal preservation effects. Furthermore, the recovery was more pronounced in the rabbits repeatedly injected with cells at 3-day intervals. The results of this study may provide a novel and useful treatment strategy for the transplantation treatment of SCI.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0879-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated injections of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly promotes functional recovery in rabbits with spinal cord injury of two noncontinuous segments

Yang

Wang

et al. 2018

Stem Cell Res Ther

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“…Primary injury is caused by direct tissue detritions and necrosis as a result of external mechanical forces. The pathophysiologic changes of secondary injury consist of spinal cord edema, free radical damage, ischemia, excitotoxicity, inflammation, electrolyte imbalance, and apoptosis [3,4]. These factors lead to astrocyte proliferation, reactive gliosis, and neuronal cell death, resulting in the formation of a dense astrocytic scar [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Expression of VHL (Von Hippel-Lindau) After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and Its Role in Neuronal Apoptosis

Hao

Chen

et al. 2016

Neurochem Res

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The VHL (Von Hippel-Lindau) gene is a tumor suppressor gene, which is best known as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that negatively regulates the hypoxia inducible factor. The inactivation of VHL gene could result in the abnormal synthesis of VHL protein, which is in contact with the development and occurrence of renal clear cell carcinoma. However, the expression and possible function of VHL in central nervous system (CNS) is still unclear. To examine the function of VHL in CNS injury and repair, we used an acute spinal cord injury (SCI) model in adult rats. Western blot analysis showed an important upregulation of VHL protein, reaching a peak at day 3 and then declined during the following days. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that VHL was co-expressed with neurons, but not with astrocytes and microglia. Moreover, we detected that active caspase-3 had co-localized with VHL in neurons after SCI. Additionally in vitro, VHL depletion, by short interfering RNA, significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis. In conclusion, these data suggested that the change of VHL protein expression was related to neuronal apoptosis after SCI.

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“…SEPs, which are commonly used for intra-operative monitoring of the spinal cord [ 6 , 21 ], have been introduced for the diagnosis, prognostication and quantification of the physiological integrity of the spinal cord [ 22 , 23 ]. A substantial number of studies have confirmed that SEPs may serve as a biomarker of neurological status [ 24 , 25 ] and indicators of ultrastructural damage [ 14 ] and that they are highly sensitive and specific for the detection of neurological deficits [ 26 , 27 ]. After SCI, the SEP responses of injured pathways exhibit a decreased amplitude and an increased latency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 ). This finding is partly indicative of the exquisite sensitivity of SEPs for dorsal column functionality [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the optimal sequence of decompression for multilevel noncontinuous spinal cord compression injuries in rabbits?

Yang

et al. 2017

BMC Neurol

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BackgroundIn recent years, multilevel spinal cord injuries (SCIs) have gained a substantial amount of attention from clinicians and researchers. Multilevel noncontinuous SCI patients cannot undergo the multiple steps of a one-stage operation because of a poor general condition or a lack of proper surgical approaches. The surgeon subsequently faces the decision of whether to initially relieve the rostral or caudal compression. In this study, we established a spinal cord compression model involving two noncontinuous segments in rabbits to evaluate the effects of differences in decompression order on the functional recovery of the spinal cord.MethodsA Fogarty catheter was inserted into the epidural space through a hole in T6-7 and advanced 3 cm rostrally or caudally. Following successful model establishment, which was demonstrated by an evaluation of evoked potentials, balloons of different volumes (40 μl or 50 μl) were inflated in the experimental groups, whereas no balloons were inflated in the control group. The experimental groups underwent the first decompression in the rostral or caudal area at 1 week post-injury; the second decompression was performed at 2 weeks post-injury. For 6 weeks post-injury, the animals were tested to determine behavioral scores, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and radiographic imaging changes; histological and apoptosis assay results were subsequently analyzed.ResultsThe behavioral test results and onset latency of the SEPs indicated that there were significant differences between priority rostral decompression (PRD) and priority caudal decompression (PCD) in the 50-μl compression group at 6 weeks post-injury; however, there were no significant differences between the two procedures in the 40-μl group at the same time point. Moreover, there were no significant peak-to-peak amplitude differences between the two procedures in the 50-μl compression group.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggested that preferential rostral decompression was more beneficial than priority caudal decompression with respect to facilitating spinal cord functional recovery in rabbits with severe paraplegia and may provide clinicians with a reference for the clinical treatment of multiple-segment spinal cord compression injuries.

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Diagnostic accuracy of evoked potentials for functional impairment after contusive spinal cord injury in adult rats

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Repeated injections of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly promotes functional recovery in rabbits with spinal cord injury of two noncontinuous segments

Repeated injections of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly promotes functional recovery in rabbits with spinal cord injury of two noncontinuous segments

The Expression of VHL (Von Hippel-Lindau) After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and Its Role in Neuronal Apoptosis

What is the optimal sequence of decompression for multilevel noncontinuous spinal cord compression injuries in rabbits?

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