Diagnostic accuracy of IL1β in saliva: The development of predictive models for estimating the probability of the occurrence of periodontitis in non‐smokers and smokers

Abstract

Aim:To obtain salivary interleukin (IL) 1β-based models to predict the probability of the occurrence of periodontitis, differentiating by smoking habit. Materials/Methods:A total of 141 participants were recruited, 62 periodontally healthy controls and 79 subjects affected by periodontitis. Fifty of the diseased patients were given non-surgical periodontal treatment and showed significant clinical improvement in 2 months. IL1β was measured in the salivary samples using the Luminex instrument. Binary logistic regression models were obtained to differentiate untreated periodontitis from periodontal health (first modelling) and untreated periodontitis from treated periodontitis (second modelling), distinguishing between nonsmokers and smokers. The area under the curve (AUC) and classification measures were calculated. Results:In the first modelling, IL1β presented AUC values of 0.830 for non-smokers and 0.689 for smokers (accuracy = 77.6% and 70.7%, respectively). In the second, the predictive models revealed AUC values of 0.671 for non-smokers and 0.708 for smokers (accuracy = 70.0% and 75.0%, respectively). Conclusion:Salivary IL1β has an excellent diagnostic capability when it comes to distinguishing systemically healthy patients with untreated periodontitis from those who are periodontally healthy, although this discriminatory potential is reduced in smokers. The diagnostic capacity of salivary IL1β remains acceptable for differentiating between untreated and treated periodontitis. K E Y W O R D S diagnostic accuracy, interleukin 1β, periodontitis, predictive values, prevalence, saliva, sensitivity, specificity | 703 ARIAS-BUJANDA et Al.

IL-1 Superfamily Members and Periodontal Diseases

“…Recent data highlighted the promising use of salivary IL-1β as a biomarker for distinguishing gingivitis from periodontitis (Kc et al 2020). The excellent diagnostic capability of salivary IL-1β to distinguish patients with untreated periodontitis from periodontal healthy patients using predictive models is reduced in smokers (Arias-Bujanda et al 2020). IL-1β may serve as a link between periodontitis and diabetes since elevated levels of IL-1β have been detected in gingival tissues of human and animal models with diabetes (Sanz et al 2018).…”

Evaluation of Salivary Biomarkers of Periodontal Disease Based on Smoking Status: A Systematic Review

“…The systematic literature review yielded a total of seven papers for analysis. Of these, 213 articles were excluded because smoking status was not reported [ 9 , 13 , 33 ] or because they entailed a topic unrelated to the study question [ 18 , 34 ].…”

“…Owing to the considerable and growing interest in saliva as a useful tool for biomarker analysis, as highlighted based on our literature search, significant studies have been recently published [ 3 , 4 , 38 ]. Salivary-derived diagnostic techniques could potentially allow for the timely screening of an entire population for specific diseases [ 3 , 33 ]. However, studies evaluating the effectiveness of salivary biomarkers for diagnosing PD are in their infancy [ 38 ].…”

Active MMP-8 Quantitative Test as an Adjunctive Tool for Early Diagnosis of Periodontitis

“…Even when clinical parameters are the gold standard for periodontal disease screening, promissory objective biomarkers studied in oral fluids might aid in periodontal disease diagnosis, severity, classification, and monitoring [2,3]. MMP-8, the main gingival collagenase, is related to the periodontal status, severity, and progression, representing the most studied biomarker for the diagnosis of periodontitis in gingival crevicular fluid [11,12,24]. However, different MMP-8 measurement methods with different levels of agreement may limit its applicability as an adjunctive tool for periodontal disease screening [25].…”