Diagnostic Accuracy of Salivary Biomarkers including Lactate Dehydrogenase and Hemoglobin A1c for Screening Chronic Periodontitis

Abstract

Aims: Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in humans involving the tooth-supporting tissue. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare salivary biomarkers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), between patients with severe chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals. Methods: This study was performed on 29 patients with severe chronic periodontitis and 30 healthy individuals at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, in 2021. Salivary samples were taken, and clinical parameters, including the clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD), were measured. Besides, the levels of LDH and HbA1c were measured using ELISA kits. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of HbA1c and LDH were examined for chronic periodontitis diagnosis. Results: Based on the present results, the levels of LDH and HbA1C did not show adequate sensitivity or specificity for screening chronic periodontitis. Conclusion: According to the present findings, salivary biomarkers, including LDH and HbA1c, cannot be used with certainty for screening chronic periodontitis.

Blood count, endocrine, immunologic, renal, and hepatic markers in a case-control animal study of induced periodontitis in female rodents

“…The other biochemical marker that has been recently associated with the progression of clinical periodontitis is the enzyme LDH. A higher concentration of this enzyme is usually associated with cell necrosis and tissue degradation, which are closely related to the pathogenesis of this disease ( Ali et al, 2018 ; Moghadam et al, 2022 ). Our results showed that a significant increase in LDH levels was detected in the 42- and 56-day periodontitis-induced groups when compared to the corresponding controls, indicating a possible severe stage of periodontitis.…”

Systematic review to evaluate accuracy studies of the diagnostic criteria for periodontitis in pregnant women

“…Kugahara, Shosenj, Ohashi [ 28 ] found good results for screening of periodontitis in pregnant women using a diagnostic method based on salivary enzymes. Salivary biomarkers have been used to detect disease onset and progression, monitor response to therapy and measure susceptibility to the future progression of periodontitis [ 45 ]. Further studies are assessing their applicability in pregnant women and other populations [ 46 ].…”