Diagnostic accuracy of the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) for cases of feline mycobacteriosis

Mitchell, Jordan; Stanley, Paul; McDonald, Kieran; Burr, Paul; Rhodes, Shelley; Gunn‐Moore, Danièlle; Hope, Jayne

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105409

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…This resulted in a relatively high estimated sensitivity and specificity for the lion QFT Mabtech Cat IGRA (87.5% and 100%, respectively) although the 95% CI was wide due to low sample size. The test performance of this IGRA was similar to IGRAs used in the domestic cat (68% sensitivity, 96% specificity), white rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum ) (78% sensitivity, 92% specificity), and African buffalo (89% sensitivity, 94% specificity) [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Therefore, future studies should confirm the diagnostic cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity of this IGRA using a larger sample size of lions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Adaptation and Diagnostic Potential of a Commercial Cat Interferon Gamma Release Assay for the Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in African Lions (Panthera leo)

et al. 2022

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Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection in wildlife, including lions (Panthera leo), has implications for individual and population health. Tools for the detection of infected lions are needed for diagnosis and disease surveillance. This study aimed to evaluate the Mabtech Cat interferon gamma (IFN-γ) ELISABasic kit for detection of native lion IFN-γ in whole blood samples stimulated using the QuantiFERON® TB Gold Plus (QFT) platform as a potential diagnostic assay. The ELISA was able to detect lion IFN-γ in mitogen-stimulated samples, with good parallelism, linearity, and a working range of 15.6–500 pg/mL. Minimal matrix interference was observed in the recovery of domestic cat rIFN-γ in lion plasma. Both intra- and inter-assay reproducibility had a coefficient of variation less than 10%, while the limit of detection and quantification were 7.8 pg/mL and 31.2 pg/mL, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the QFT Mabtech Cat interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) was determined using mycobacterial antigen-stimulated samples from M. bovis culture-confirmed infected (n = 8) and uninfected (n = 4) lions. A lion-specific cut-off value (33 pg/mL) was calculated, and the sensitivity and specificity were determined to be 87.5% and 100%, respectively. Although additional samples should be tested, the QFT Mabtech Cat IGRA could identify M. bovis-infected African lions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Adaptation and Diagnostic Potential of a Commercial Cat Interferon Gamma Release Assay for the Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in African Lions (Panthera leo)

et al. 2022

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“…31 This IGRA has been shown to have a sensitivity and specificity of 66.7% and 92.6%, respectively, for detecting NTM infections (updated to 83.3% and 93.3%, respectively, after cut-off adjustments were made in a recent study); however, it cannot differentiate between different NTM species (ie, it cannot specifically detect M avium or even MAC). 31 However, as M avium was confirmed by PCR in the other cat, and as both cats had only one known exposure, the likelihood of the second cat having been exposed to a different NTM is unlikely. The sensitivity and specificity of the IGRA to differentiate the NTM are lower than those reported for MTBC infections; because MAC is a large complex of related infections, it may be this marked heterogeneity, compared with the marked homogeneity of the TB complex, that makes the IGRA less sensitive and specific for this complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensitivity and specificity of the IGRA to differentiate the NTM are lower than those reported for MTBC infections; because MAC is a large complex of related infections, it may be this marked heterogeneity, compared with the marked homogeneity of the TB complex, that makes the IGRA less sensitive and specific for this complex. 31…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in a cat on long-term ciclosporin therapy and potential latent infection of an in-contact cat

Webster

Marchesi

Gunn‐Moore

et al. 2022

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary An 8-year-old domestic shorthair cat receiving long-term ciclosporin treatment was evaluated for a history of weight loss and hyporexia. The main clinical finding was a cluster of enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Cytological examination of fine-needle aspirates showed granulomatous inflammation with abundant acid-fast bacilli. A diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection was confirmed by PCR. The cat’s clinical condition deteriorated rapidly despite appropriate antibiotic treatment and it was euthanased 2 weeks after initial presentation due to development of severe paraparesis and ataxia. Post-mortem examination revealed granulomatous inflammation affecting multiple lymph nodes and other organs with intrahistiocytic acid-fast bacilli consistent with mycobacteria when stained using Ziehl–Neelsen stain. Another cat in the same household was screened for infection using the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), with the result being consistent with infection by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which includes MAC; however, it had no grossly detectable disease. Relevance and novel information This case report is an unusual presentation of disseminated MAC infection in a cat, which remains a rare diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware of unusual and rare presentations of this infection. The clinical findings, progression of disease and histopathology results add to the current clinical database for feline disseminated MAC infections. Another cat in the same household tested positive for NTM by IGRA without any gross disease. This was suggestive of latent MAC infection which, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported in an in-contact cat.

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“…also been applied elsewhere (Peterhans et al, 2020). However, concerns regarding the sensitivity of the IGRA have been highlighted, particularly for cases of infection with M. bovis (Mitchell et al, 2021), which is potentially zoonotic. The IGRA also requires live peripheral blood cells, which can sometimes fail to respond to the positive mitogen control, causing a test quality control fail (Mitchell et al, 2021); this could indicate a state of anergy in these cats (Schwartz, 2003) or poor sample viability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of feline tuberculosis

Mitchell

Wilson²,

Alexander³

et al. 2023

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Diagnostic accuracy of the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) for cases of feline mycobacteriosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 81 publications

Adaptation and Diagnostic Potential of a Commercial Cat Interferon Gamma Release Assay for the Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in African Lions (Panthera leo)

Adaptation and Diagnostic Potential of a Commercial Cat Interferon Gamma Release Assay for the Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in African Lions (Panthera leo)

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in a cat on long-term ciclosporin therapy and potential latent infection of an in-contact cat

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of feline tuberculosis

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