Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Abstract

Alternative therapies are widely used by consumers. A number of herbs and dietary supplements have demonstrable effects on mood, memory, and insomnia. There is a significant amount of evidence supporting the use of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) for depression and Ginkgo biloba for dementia. Results of randomized, controlled trials also support the use of kava for anxiety and valerian for insomnia. Although evidence for the use of vitamins and amino acids as sole agents for psychiatric symptoms is not strong, there is intriguing preliminary evidence for the use of folate, tryptophan, and phenylalanine as adjuncts to enhance the effectiveness of conventional antidepressants. S-adenosylmethionine seems to have antidepressant effects, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, may have mood-stabilizing effects. More research should be conducted on these and other natural products for the prevention and treatment of various psychiatric disorders.

Anorexia nervosa and diffusion weighted imaging: An open methodological question raised by a systematic review and a fractional anisotropy anatomical likelihood estimation meta‐analysis

“…Anorexia Nervosa is a serious mental disorder with a complex, and still unclear, biological and psychological aetiology (Zipfel, Giel, Bulik, Hay, & Schmidt, 2015). It is characterized by food restriction, an intense fear of gaining weight, weight or shape concern, as well as persistent lack of recognition of the underweight and malnutrition status, that can lead to serious physical impairment and could also affect the long term outcome (Frey, 2018;Gendall & Bulik, 2005;Katzman, 2005;Solmi et al, 2018). Despite these serious medical and psychological characteristics, the neurobiological background of AN is to this day poorly understood.…”

“…(a) the studies were published beforeMarch 18, 2019;(b) only peerreviewed original articles were accepted; (c) an analysis of the microstructure of the white matter was performed; (d) the subjects fulfilled a life-time diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa criteria according to international classification criteria (i.e., Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-any version or International Classification of Diseases-any version); (e) the studies included a healthy control group; (f) the language used was English.…”

Relation between vitamin D and impulse behaviours in patients with eating disorder: a pilot observational study

“…The main study, still ongoing, includes several assessments at baseline, discharge, 6-months, 1-and 5-years follow up, and it was designed to explore the course of ED in patients undergoing a multidisciplinary, patient-centred treatment. The inclusion criteria were: (a) a full diagnosis of any ED according to DSM-5 criteria (Frey, 2018) assessed by a trained and expert psychiatrist (PM); (b) age between 13 and 60; and (c) no severe medical comorbidity, neurological trauma or disorder. The sample included 236 subjects (96% female) with an average age of 29 years (SD 12.4).…”