Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Exosome Nanovesicles in Lung Cancer: State-of-The-Art

Abstract

Lung cancer is a malignant disease with a frequency of various morbidity, mortality, and poor prognosis in patients that the conventional therapeutic approaches are not efficient sufficiently. Recently, with the discovery of exosomes, researchers have examined new approaches in the development, diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery of various cancer, such as lung cancer, and display various its potential. Investigation of exosome-derived lung cancer cells contents and preparation of their exhaustive profile by advanced technics such as labeling exosome with nanoparticle and types of mass spectroscopy methods will assist researchers for take advantage of the specific properties of exosomes. Moreover, scientists will present encouraging ways for the treatment of lung cancer with loaded of drugs, proteins, microRNA, and siRNA in specific antigen targeted exosomes. This manuscript will include brief details on the role of exosomes as a novel prognostic biomarker (by the content of lipid, surface and internal protein, miRNAs, and LnRNAs) and therapeutic agent (as vaccine and targeted drug delivery) in lung cancer.

Molecular Docking and Intracellular Translocation of Extracellular Vesicles for Efficient Drug Delivery

“…For example, small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery for a BACE (β-site of Amyloid Precursor Protein cleaving enzyme) target using exosomes has proven to be beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease [ 242 , 243 , 244 ]. Furthermore, because exosomes that have miRNAs and enzyme-encapsulating cocktails, which have functions such as cell proliferation suppression and cell migration promotion, are naturally secreted from cells, they are highly expected to be used as drugs for treating several diseases [ 245 , 246 , 247 , 248 , 249 , 250 , 251 , 252 ]. The macropinocytosis pathway is important for the intracellular translocation of exosomes [ 253 , 254 , 255 , 256 , 257 , 258 ].…”