Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges of Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy Associated With Thyroiditis: A Case Report

Abstract

Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with thyroiditis (SREAT) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction. SREAT is frequently overlooked despite its profound impact on patients and the healthcare system. This case report details a male patient who experienced a series of neuropsychiatric symptoms over several months, ultimately attributed to SREAT, emphasizing the critical impact of delayed recognition. The case underscores the diverse and often complicated presentations of SREAT, advocating for the timely consideration of autoimmune encephalopathy in patients with unexplained neuropsychiatric symptoms and abnormal thyroid function. Furthermore, it illustrates the effectiveness of steroids in managing SREAT and the challenges posed by long-term steroid use. Comprehensive diagnostic criteria and tailored treatment strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes in this rare but impactful disorder.