Diagnostic Classification of Macular Ganglion Cell and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Analysis

Kim, Ko Eun; Jeoung, Jin Wook; Park, Ki Ho; Kim, Dong‐Myung; Kim, Seok Hwan

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.09.031

Cited by 100 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Characteristic glaucomatous damage on the macular GCA deviation map is usually represented as follows (figure 1): yellow-coloured and red-coloured areas indicating decreased macular GCIPL thickness presented in arcuate to crescent shape, predominantly located in the temporal macular regions along the horizontal raphe and usually located within the same hemifield as corresponding RNFL defect and optic disc damage 15 16. However, false-positive findings in GCIPL diagnostic classifications for normal healthy populations have been reported; this suggests that optical coherence tomography diagnostic classifications should be interpreted with caution, especially in eyes with long axial lengths, large fovea–disc angles and small optic discs 15. Hwang et al 17 also reported abnormal GCIPL deviation map patterns for cases with various diseases such as macular degeneration (ring-shaped pattern), epiretinal membrane (irregular colour-coded pattern) and compressive optic neuropathy (vertical hemifield abnormality), which call for careful interpretation of GCIPL deviation maps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macular imaging by optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma

Kim

Park

2017

Br J Ophthalmol

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The macular area is important to the detection of glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage. Macular thickness complementary to peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness can well reflect glaucomatous damage, given that the macula contains more than 50% of the RGCs in a multilayered pattern and larger RGC bodies compared with their axons. Thus, macular ganglion cell thickness parameters recently have been considered to be an effective glaucoma-diagnostic tool comparable to RNFL thickness parameters. Furthermore, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness and deviation maps can provide additional information essential for distinguishing glaucomatous changes from other, myopia-associated or macular disease-associated changes. Therefore, our aim with this study was to review the clinical application of macular imaging by optical coherence tomography and to provide essential clinical tips for its use in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macular imaging by optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma

Kim

Park

2017

Br J Ophthalmol

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“…Segmentation of the macula and measurements of the GCL-IPL complex is prone to error and misinterpretation, especially in eyes with pathology (e.g., age-related macular degeneration, optic disc edema). Even among healthy eyes, Kim et al ( 15 ) found that 40.4% had artifacts in the ganglion cell analysis. Therefore, over a quarter of patients will have artifacts of the RNFL and/or GCL analysis with spectral domain OCT.…”

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confidence: 99%

Avoiding Clinical Misinterpretation and Artifacts of Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis of the Optic Nerve, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, and Ganglion Cell Layer

Chen

Kardon

2016

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology

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Background:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an important tool for diagnosing optic nerve disease. The structural details and reproducibility of OCT continues to improve with further advances in technology. However, artifacts and misinterpretation of OCT can lead to clinical misdiagnosis of diseases if they go unrecognized.Evidence Acquisition:A literature review using PubMed combined with clinical and research experience.Results:We describe the most common artifacts and errors in interpretation seen on OCT in both optic nerve and ganglion cell analyses. We provide examples of the artifacts, discuss the causes, and provide methods of detecting them. In addition, we discuss a systematic approach to OCT analysis to facilitate the recognition of artifacts and to avoid clinical misinterpretation.Conclusions:While OCT is invaluable in diagnosing optic nerve disease, we need to be cognizant of the artifacts that can occur with OCT. Failure to recognize some of these artifacts can lead to misdiagnoses and inappropriate investigations.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] In order to combine information from the two, a mapping schema is required. In the macular region the retinal ganglion cells do not lie directly above their photoreceptors, but are displaced away from the fovea by a distance commensurate with Henle fiber length in order to maintain excellent foveal acuity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Foveal Shape: Feasibility of Individual Maps Between Structure and Function Within the Macular Region

Sepulveda

Turpin

McKendrick

2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Sepulveda JA, Turpin A, McKendrick AM. Individual differences in foveal shape: feasibility of individual maps between structure and function within the macular region. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57:4772-4778. DOI:10.1167/ iovs.16-19288 PURPOSE. Recently in glaucoma, different mapping schemes to combine structural and functional information within the macula have been proposed. This paper aims to investigate whether the changes in foveal shape parameters are important in the mapping between structure and function within the macular region.METHODS. Twenty younger adults (aged 24-to 33-years old) and 10 older adults (aged 62-to 76-years old) participated. On each subject, four foveally-centered radial spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans with 458 of separation between each scan were acquired. After scan acquisition, foveal shape was extracted by fitting a previously proposed model that has been used to customize structure-function mapping in the macular region. Three parameters were obtained from the scans and then compared: the central thickness, the maximum thickness, and the radius.RESULTS. There were significant differences in the foveal shape parameters between subjects. There was no main effect of the scan axis for the central thickness; however, there was an interaction between the scan axis and maximum thickness and between the scan axis and radius. With respect to the effect of age, we did not find a main effect for the central thickness, the maximum thickness or the radius, although this parameter approached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS.In our study, we demonstrated that the foveal shape is different for different subjects, but predictable superiorly and inferiorly within an individual. Our study highlights features important for the development of individually customized structure-function maps for the investigation of glaucomatous damage in the macular region.

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Diagnostic Classification of Macular Ganglion Cell and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Analysis

Cited by 100 publications

References 25 publications

Macular imaging by optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma

Macular imaging by optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma

Avoiding Clinical Misinterpretation and Artifacts of Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis of the Optic Nerve, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, and Ganglion Cell Layer

Individual Differences in Foveal Shape: Feasibility of Individual Maps Between Structure and Function Within the Macular Region

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