Diagnostic Criteria for Proliferative Thyroid Lesions in Bony Fishes

Fournie, John W.; Wolfe, Marilyn J.; Wolf, Jeffrey C.; Courtney, Lee A.; Johnson, Rodney D.; Hawkins, William E.

doi:10.1080/01926230500214509

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…However, in approximately 90% of cases, the thyroid tissue is present at a sublingual position, that is at the site of thyroid origin. The literature on thyroid gland anatomy in teleosts is replete with observations of ectopic thyroid follicles located in tissues as diverse as ocular choroid, kidney, spleen, intestine, liver, or heart (61). The embryological origin of these ectopic thyroid tissues has not yet been clarified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

TSH Receptor Function Is Required for Normal Thyroid Differentiation in Zebrafish

Opitz

Maquet

Zoenen

et al. 2011

Molecular Endocrinology

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TSH is the primary physiological regulator of thyroid gland function. The effects of TSH on thyroid cells are mediated via activation of its membrane receptor [TSH receptor (TSHR)]. In this study, we examined functional thyroid differentiation in zebrafish and characterized the role of TSHR signaling during thyroid organogenesis. Cloning of a cDNA encoding zebrafish Tshr showed conservation of primary structure and functional properties between zebrafish and mammalian TSHR. In situ hybridization confirmed that the thyroid is the major site of tshr expression during zebrafish development. In addition, we identified tpo, iyd, duox, and duoxa as novel thyroid differentiation markers in zebrafish. Temporal analyses of differentiation marker expression demonstrated the induction of an early thyroid differentiation program along with thyroid budding, followed by a delayed onset of duox and duoxa expression coincident with thyroid hormone synthesis. Furthermore, comparative analyses in mouse and zebrafish revealed for the first time a thyroid-enriched expression of cell death regulators of the B-cell lymphoma 2 family during early thyroid morphogenesis. Knockdown of tshr function by morpholino microinjection into embryos did not affect early thyroid morphogenesis but caused defects in later functional differentiation. The thyroid phenotype observed in tshr morphants at later stages comprised a reduction in number and size of functional follicles, down-regulation of differentiation markers, as well as reduced thyroid transcription factor expression. A comparison of our results with phenotypes observed in mouse models of defective TSHR and cAMP signaling highlights the value of zebrafish as a model to enhance the understanding of functional differentiation in the vertebrate thyroid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

TSH Receptor Function Is Required for Normal Thyroid Differentiation in Zebrafish

Opitz

Maquet

Zoenen

et al. 2011

Molecular Endocrinology

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“…Although thyroid hyperplasia and neoplasia have been described in teleostean fish (Fournie et al, 2005;Leatherland and Down, 2001), normal heterotopic thyroid follicles do not follow the diagnostic criteria for thyroid hyperplasia, adenoma or carcinoma as proposed by Fournie et al (Fournie et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative thyroidology: thyroid gland location and iodothyronine dynamics in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Geven

Nguyen

Boogaart

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY In teleosts, the thyroid gland is mostly found in the subpharyngeal region. However, in several species thyroid follicles are found in, for example,heart, head kidney and kidney. Such heterotopic thyroid follicles are active,and considered to work in concert with the subpharyngeal thyroid. In Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) thyroid activity is,indeed, restricted to the subpharyngeal region; in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) the functional endocrine thyroid is associated with renal tissues. The subpharyngeal follicles of carp comprise only 10% of the total thyroid tissue, and these follicles neither accumulate iodide nor synthesize or secrete thyroid hormones to a significant degree. Although the shape and size of carp subpharyngeal and renal follicles vary, the epithelial cell height of the thyrocytes and thyroxine immunoreactivity do not differ, which suggests that the activity of the carp subpharyngeal thyroid follicles is dormant. Differences in thyroid physiology between the two fish species were further assessed at the level of peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism. Carp clears plasma of thyroid hormones faster than tilapia does. Furthermore, a significant amount of conjugated thyroid hormones was observed in the plasma of tilapia, which was preceded by the occurrence of thyroid hormone conjugates in the subpharyngeal region and coincides with the appearance of conjugates in the surrounding water. Apparently, plasma thyroid hormone conjugates in tilapia originate from the thyroid gland and function in the excretion of thyroid hormones. Our data illustrate the variability in teleostean thyroidology, an important notion for those studying thyroid physiology.

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“…Increased MAs in fish tissues has been used as an index of environmental exposure to contaminants (Fournie et al, 2005;Micale and Perdichizzi, 1990;Wolke, 1992). In the present study, liver MA content (count and area) contributed to the separation between Skamania (reference site) and Longview males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Health status of Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) collected along an organic contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA

Torres

Nilsen

Grove

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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The health of Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) in the lower Columbia River (USA) was evaluated using morphometric and histopathological approaches, and its association with organic contaminants accumulated in liver was evaluated in males. Fish were sampled from three sites along a contaminant gradient. In 2009, body length and mass, condition factor, gonadosomatic index, and hematocrit were measured in males and females; liver and gonad tissue were collected from males for histological analyses; and organ composites were analyzed for contaminant content in males. In 2010, additional data were collected for males and females, including external fish condition assessment, histopathologies of spleen, kidney and gill and, for males, liver contaminant content. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that biological traits in males, but not females, differed among sites in 2009 and 2010. Discriminant function analysis indicated that site-related differences among male populations were relatively small in 2009, but in 2010, when more variables were analyzed, males differed among sites in regards to kidney, spleen, and liver histopathologies and gill parasites. Kidney tubular hyperplasia, liver and spleen macrophage aggregations, and gill parasites were generally more severe in the downstream sites compared to the reference location. The contaminant content of male livers was also generally higher downstream, and the legacy pesticide hexachlorobenzene and flame retardants BDE-47 and BDE-154 were the primary drivers for site discrimination. However, bivariate correlations between biological variables and liver contaminants retained in the discriminant models failed to reveal associations between the two variable sets. In conclusion, whereas certain non-reproductive biological traits and liver contaminant contents of male Largescale Sucker differed according to an upstream-downstream gradient in the lower Columbia River, results from this study did not reveal the specific environmental factors responsible for the differences in health status among fish populations.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Diagnostic Criteria for Proliferative Thyroid Lesions in Bony Fishes

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

TSH Receptor Function Is Required for Normal Thyroid Differentiation in Zebrafish

TSH Receptor Function Is Required for Normal Thyroid Differentiation in Zebrafish

Comparative thyroidology: thyroid gland location and iodothyronine dynamics in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Health status of Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) collected along an organic contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA

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