Diagnostic efficacy of imaging and biopsy methods for peritoneal mesothelioma in a calf

Abstract

BackgroundPeritoneal mesothelioma is a rare abdominal disease; that occasionally occurs congenitally in younger calves. Cytologic examination of peritoneal effusion (PE) was utilized to diagnose this disease, and was not diagnostic. Diagnostic accuracy has been elevated by recent use of ultrasonography (US), despite most diagnoses have been obtained post-mortem in slaughter houses or during clinical necropsy. In humans, ante-mortem diagnosis is highly associated with clinical use of computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopy together with imaging-assisted biopsy. The present report evaluates the diagnostic applicability of CT and laparoscopy as well as US via the practical application of these imaging modalities in an affected calf, and compares the cytologic and histologic findings among in PE, and specimens obtained from fine-needle aspiration and core-needle biopsy. In addition, the present results were reviewed in comparison with those of previous bovine and human reports.Case presentationA 58-day-old male Japanese black calf presented first with scrotal swelling, followed by progressive abdominal distention. Abnormalities of the case included: 1) accumulation of anechoic PE inside the swollen scrotum and abdomen; 2) formation of multiple echogenic nodules within the peritoneal membrane based on US images; 3) presence of hyper-dense spots (suspected calcification) along the margins of the nodules; 4) anatomic connections between intra-abdominal nodular lesions and the swollen tunica vaginalis via the inguinal region based on CT images; 5) serosanguineous-colored and less-turbid characteristics of PE; and 6) formation of multiple nodules over all of the serosa of the rumen as well as the peritoneal wall based on laparoscopic views. Fine-needle aspiration and core-needle biopsy were successfully performed under US and laparoscopic observations, respectively. Histology findings of the core-needle biopsy specimen appeared more indicative (characterization of tubular structures comprised of cubical or columnar abnormal mesothelial cell linings) diagnostically of peritoneal mesothelioma than did findings of the fine-needle aspiration specimen.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this report is the first description of clinical applications of CT and laparoscopy to diagnose peritoneal mesothelioma in a calf. Laparoscopy enhanced the diagnostic accuracy due to clear gross visualization of the intra-abdominal abnormalities and applicability to imaging-guided core-needle biopsy.

Mesotelioma Peritoneal Epitelioide Papilar Maligno Em Bovino Gir – Relato De Caso

“…O desenvolvimento neoplásico do caso em questão ocorreu em um animal adulto de dez anos de idade, o que está de acordo com os outros relatos que descrevem a forma adquirida do mesotelioma em bovinos (GIRARD, 1995;BEYTUT, 2002). Entretanto, esta neoplasia pode ocorrer de forma congênita, afetando bezerros de dez dias a oito meses de idade (PELI et al 2018;MORITA et al, 2019).…”

“…Em bovinos, o diagnóstico na maioria dos casos é obtido post mortem no matadouro ou durante a necrópsia clínica (TESSELE;BARROS, 2016;PELI et al, 2018;MORITA, 2019). Quando o diagnóstico é realizado ante mortem, normalmente os tumores encontram-se em estágio avançado, sendo o prognóstico desfavorável e com baixa sobrevida (OHFUJI, 2015;CARDINALE et al, 2017).…”

Ultrasonography of sudden swollen tongue in a calf

“…Hematological examination revealed moderately elevated white blood cell count (15,000/μl; reference value: 6500-11,500/μl), and normal platelet count (79.5 × 10 4 / μl: reference value 68.1 ± 25.2 × 10 4 /μl) [10]. Highly elevated creatine kinase (1629 U/l; reference value: 29.8-302.5 U/l) was evident on serum biochemical examination [10].…”

Detection of squamous cell carcinoma of presumed pancreatic origin and its metastasis in a spotted seal (<i>Phoca largha</i>) using ultrasonography and computed tomography

“…Poor imaging quality also hampered the visualization of mass formation within the pancreas. Prolonged scanning time in CT, especially in large animals, can result in blurred images because of cyclic body movements that occur due to respiration in animals [ 15 ]. CT visibility may be improved in anesthesia which causes controlled respiratory arrest via tracheal intubation [ 2 , 3 , 15 ].…”

“…Prolonged scanning time in CT, especially in large animals, can result in blurred images because of cyclic body movements that occur due to respiration in animals [ 15 ]. CT visibility may be improved in anesthesia which causes controlled respiratory arrest via tracheal intubation [ 2 , 3 , 15 ]. Compared to the CT machine (16-slice) used in this study, the use of a multi-detector (>16-slice) CT scanner with a shorter scanning time may provide higher quality images [ 9 ].…”