Diagnostic imaging and pacemaker implantation in a domestic goat with persistent left cranial vena cava

Ranjan, Ravi; Dosdall, Derek J.; Norlund, Layne; Higuchi, Koji; Silvernagel, Joshua; Olsen, Aaron L.; Davies, Christopher J.; MacLeod, Rob; Marrouche, Nassir F.

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2013.11.001

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, some reports in dogs describe arrhythmias resulting from increased blood volume passing through the coronary sinus, which becomes dilated, subsequently stretching the atrioventricular node and the bundle of His 10 . Occasionally, the PLCVC may empty into the left atrium, and these patients present with cyanosis 2,10,11 . The anatomical conformation in the described alpaca did not involve the coronary sinus nor the left atrium, rather entering the caudal vena cava, explaining the lack of clinical signs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly that has been reported in a number of species, including dogs and humans 1–4 . It forms as a result of the failure of the left cardinal vein to regress during embryologic development 1,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It forms as a result of the failure of the left cardinal vein to regress during embryologic development 1,4 . Awareness of a PLCVC is important, as it may impact thoracic surgical planning or interventional procedures, such as cardiac pacemaker implantation 2,5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent left cranial vena cava in an alpaca cria incidentally identified with computed tomography

Atkinson,

Orlandi,

Sumping

2023

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 12‐week‐old alpaca cria, that had been managed conservatively for a subluxation of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae (C) and possible C6–C7 subluxation identified several weeks previously following trauma at birth, was presented for investigations of acute onset tetraparesis. During investigations with computed tomography, a persistent left cranial vena cava, with an unusual phenotype, was incidentally identified with concurrent absence of the right cranial vena cava. The azygous vein could be seen crossing over the mediastinum to join the persistent left cranial vena cava, which continued caudally, passing left lateral to the heart and emptying into the caudal vena cava at the level of the diaphragm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent left cranial vena cava in an alpaca cria incidentally identified with computed tomography

Atkinson,

Orlandi,

Sumping

2023

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…As a result, even in an age of dramatic progress in digital-twin approaches, experiments retain their essential value and best serve their purpose when coupled with simulations. Another often overlooked contribution of large animal experimental models is their use in veterinary medicine ( Ranjan et al., 2014 ). Thus, while the use of animals in medical research also bears an ethical burden, such models have provided essential insights into both human cardiology and veterinary care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tipping the scales of understanding: An engineering approach to design and implement whole-body cardiac electrophysiology experimental models

Zenger

Bergquist²,

Busatto³

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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The study of cardiac electrophysiology is built on experimental models that span all scales, from ion channels to whole-body preparations. Novel discoveries made at each scale have contributed to our fundamental understanding of human cardiac electrophysiology, which informs clinicians as they detect, diagnose, and treat complex cardiac pathologies. This expert review describes an engineering approach to developing experimental models that is applicable across scales. The review also outlines how we applied the approach to create a set of multiscale whole-body experimental models of cardiac electrophysiology, models that are driving new insights into the response of the myocardium to acute ischemia. Specifically, we propose that researchers must address three critical requirements to develop an effective experimental model: 1) how the experimental model replicates and maintains human physiological conditions, 2) how the interventions possible with the experimental model capture human pathophysiology, and 3) what signals need to be measured, at which levels of resolution and fidelity, and what are the resulting requirements of the measurement system and the access to the organs of interest. We will discuss these requirements in the context of two examples of whole-body experimental models, a closed chest in situ model of cardiac ischemia and an isolated-heart, torso-tank preparation, both of which we have developed over decades and used to gather valuable insights from hundreds of experiments.

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“…In a study of congenital malformations in 1,092 Saanen and Saanen-cross breed goats, cardiac malformations were not noted. 2 Sporadic case reports exist of ventricular septal defects (VSDs), 14,16 tricuspid valve anomaly, 9 hypoplasia of the pulmonary trunk, 17 persistent left cranial vena cava, 15 and Epstein anomaly 12 ; however, the prevalence of congenital cardiac malformations of goats is not available. We describe here congenital cardiac malformations in goats and describe the corresponding gross lesions to aid in the diagnosis of a subset of cardiac malformations seen in this species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study of congenital cardiac malformations in 29 goats

2023

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Cardiac malformations are sporadically diagnosed in domestic species; however, little literature is available for this group of developmental anomalies in goats. We performed a retrospective study to catalog congenital cardiac conditions in goats submitted to the University of California–Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Anatomic Pathology Autopsy Service. From 2000 to 2021, of 1,886 goat autopsies, 29 cases of cardiac malformations were identified (1.5%). Thirteen were ≤ 2-wk-old, 8 were 1–6-mo-old, and 8 were adults 2–9-y-old. The most common malformations were ventricular septal defect (VSD; 21 of 29), atrial septal defect or persistent foramen ovale (10 of 29), and double-outlet right ventricle (3 of 29). Nine cases had > 1 malformation, typically including a VSD. Conditions that had not been reported in the goat included double-outlet right ventricle (3), tetralogy of Fallot (1), cor triatriatum sinister (1), and mitral valve dysplasia (1). Two adult cases were incidental and not suspected clinically. Cardiac malformations occur not uncommonly in goats and should be considered in a wide age range.

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Diagnostic imaging and pacemaker implantation in a domestic goat with persistent left cranial vena cava

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Persistent left cranial vena cava in an alpaca cria incidentally identified with computed tomography

Persistent left cranial vena cava in an alpaca cria incidentally identified with computed tomography

Tipping the scales of understanding: An engineering approach to design and implement whole-body cardiac electrophysiology experimental models

A retrospective study of congenital cardiac malformations in 29 goats

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