Diagnostic imaging of posterior fossa anomalies in the fetus and neonate: Part 1, normal anatomy and classification of anomalies

Chapman, Teresa; Mahalingam, Sowmya; Ishak, Gisele E.; Nixon, Jason N.; Siebert, Joseph R.; Dighe, Manjiri

doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2014.10.010

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…On imaging, consideration should be given to the following areas when attempting to reach a diagnosisthe presence of abnormality of the retrocerebellar fluid space, posterior fossa size, cerebellar size and cerebellar morphology 33 . On 3D isotropic brain sequences, the sagittal reconstruction is particularly sensitive to cerebellar and posterior fossa anomalies (Figure 5).…”

Section: Posterior Fossa Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-mortem magnetic resonance (PMMR) imaging of the brain in fetuses and children with histopathological correlation

et al. 2017

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Post-mortem magnetic resonance (PMMR) imaging is rapidly emerging as an alternative, "less invasive", and more widely accepted investigative approach for perinatal deaths in the UK. PMMR has a high diagnostic accuracy for congenital and acquired fetal neuropathological anomalies compared to conventional autopsy, and is particularly useful when autopsy is non-diagnostic. The main objectives of this review are to describe and illustrate the range of common normal and abnormal central nervous system (CNS) findings encountered during PMMR investigation. This article covers the standard PMMR sequences used at our institution, normal physiological post-mortem findings, and a range of abnormal developmental and acquired conditions. The abnormal findings include diseases ranging from neural tube defects, posterior fossa malformations, those of forebrain and commissural development as well as neoplastic, haemorrhagic, and infectious aetiologies. Neuropathological findings at conventional autopsy accompany many of the conditions we describe, allowing readers to better understand the underlying disease processes and imaging appearances.

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Section: Posterior Fossa Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-mortem magnetic resonance (PMMR) imaging of the brain in fetuses and children with histopathological correlation

et al. 2017

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“…Ek yapısal problemlere rastlanmazsa normal bir varyant olarak kabul edilir. Mega sisterna magna'ya nadir olarak ventrikülome-gali, konjenital enfeksiyonlar ya da karyotip anomalileri eşlik edebilir [19,20].…”

Section: Dandy-walker Kompleksi̇unclassified

“…Serebellum aslen normal olup serebellar hemisferler yer değiştirmiş ya da basılan-mıştır. Fetal MRG vermiyan hipoplaziden şüphele-nildiğinde vermisin şekli ve boyutlarını ve eş-lik edebilecek ek SSS anomalilerini değerlen-dirmemize yardımcı olur [19].…”

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Fetal Kraniyospinal ve Fasiyal Anomaliler

Özkavukçu¹,

Haliloğlu²

2017

Trd Sem

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“…Due to the small structures and to Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery [13]. A recent study demonstrated the diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasound to be around 70% and to be increased to more than 90% by additional intrauterine MRI, already at 18 weeks of gestation.…”

Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Treatment for Neonatal Hydrocephalus: Catheter-Based Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion or Endoscopic Intervention?

Krause¹,

Panteliadis²,

Hagel³

et al. 2018

OJMN

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Neonatal hydrocephalus can arise from a multitude of disturbances, among them congenital aqueductal stenosis, myelomeningocele or posthemorrhagic complications in preterm infants. Diagnostic work-up comprises transfontanellar ultrasonography, T2 weighted MRI and clinical assessment for rare inherited syndromes. Classification of hydrocephalus and treatment guidelines is based on detailed consensus statements. The recent evidence favors catheter-based cerebrospinal fluid diversion in children below 6 months, but emerging techniques such as neuroendoscopic lavage carry the potential to lower shunt insertion rates. More long-term study results will be needed to allow for individualized, multidisciplinary decision making. This article gives an overview regarding contemporary pathophysiological concepts, the latest consensus statements and most recent technical developments. KeywordsCerebrospinal Fluid, Hydrocephalus, Neonate, Neuroendoscopy, VP-Shunt The Cerebrospinal Fluid SystemThe cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system provides mechanical protection of the brain against mild trauma, is involved in nutrient supply and waste removal, and plays a role in the circadian rhythm [1]. In humans it comprises 4 cavities in the brain, the ventricles, which normally take up about 20% of the CSF. In addition, How to cite this paper: Krause, M., Panteliadis, C.P., Hagel, C., Hirsch, F.W., Thome HydrocephalusHydrocephalus is a disbalance between CSF production and resorption. Clinical PresentationMost children with hydrocephalus suffer from a chronic disease with a rather slow progress of symptoms. Only 10% -15% of newborns with hydrocephalus show signs of elevated intracranial pressure [11].In preterm infants, hydrocephalic growth of the neurocranium is preceded by an ultrasonographically detectable enlargement of the ventricles. At this time, the endochondral bone formation of the skull fragments still allows for a certain flexibility and the small children often suffer from a multitude of additional regulatory deficits owing to their immaturity. Therefore the signs of increased intracranial pressure such as bradycardia or respiratory insufficiency are less obvious than in older children. In newborns or infants under the age of 2, the crossing of percentiles of the head circumference compared to body height and weight is the most important sign of isolated hydrocephalus [11].Typical concurring symptoms are a tight, bulging anterior fontanel, dehiscence of skull sutures, increased visibility of scalp veins and a huge frontal bone (frontal bossing). Retraction of the upper eye-lids, together with Parinaud's upgaze palsy can lead to the rare, but very impressive sunset phenomenon, with both irises plunging half below the lower eye-lids.A number of hereditary syndromes, which mostly follow a recessive inheritance, are associated with hydrocephalus (Table 2). Thus, pediatric patients suffering from hydrocephalus of unknown etiology should be examined thoroughly for stigmata indicating an inherited disease.In older children acu...

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Diagnostic imaging of posterior fossa anomalies in the fetus and neonate: Part 1, normal anatomy and classification of anomalies

Cited by 29 publications

References 48 publications

Post-mortem magnetic resonance (PMMR) imaging of the brain in fetuses and children with histopathological correlation

Post-mortem magnetic resonance (PMMR) imaging of the brain in fetuses and children with histopathological correlation

Fetal Kraniyospinal ve Fasiyal Anomaliler

Surgical Treatment for Neonatal Hydrocephalus: Catheter-Based Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion or Endoscopic Intervention?

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