Diagnostic Importance of Relative Lymphopenia as a Marker of Swine Influenza (H1N1) in Adults

Cunha, Burke A.; Pherez, Francisco M.; Schoch, Paul E.

doi:10.1086/644496

Cited by 98 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Additionally, infection by several subtypes of influenza viruses (i.e. H5N1 and H1N1) results in a strong reduction in T-lymphocytes, also known as lymphopenia (Cao et al, 2009;Cunha et al, 2009;Maines et al, 2008;Tran et al, 2004). Peripheral lymphopenia occurs in parallel with thymic atrophy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NK-cells are involved in thymic atrophy induced by influenza A virus infection

Duan

Zhou

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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NK-cells have traditionally been viewed as innate effector lymphocytes that serve as a first line of defence against a range of viruses and tumours. More recently, the importance of NK-cell immunoregulatory functions has been highlighted. NK-cells can inhibit antiviral T-cell responses, and also play an important role in controlling harmful T-cell activity in autoimmunity and transplantation settings. Moreover, immunopathological effects of NK-cells during infection have been reported. Nevertheless, the phenotype and function of NK-cells in the thymus during influenza virus infection is not understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that influenza A virus (IAV) infection in mice led to severe thymic atrophy caused by increased thymic T-cell apoptosis and suppressed proliferation. We found that NK-cells played a critical role in this phenotype. IFN-c production by NK-cells was a contributing factor for thymic atrophy during IAV infection. Taken together, our data indicate that NK-cells are involved in the thymic atrophy associated with IAV infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NK-cells are involved in thymic atrophy induced by influenza A virus infection

Duan

Zhou

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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“…On the one hand, the link between influenza A infection and HPS is relatively new, making it a difficult diagnosis due to the low index of suspicion and explaining why many cases have been identified postmortem [15]. On the other hand, hematological abnormalities (cytopenias) are frequently associated with influenza A infection (especially lymphopenia and trombocytopenia) [16,17] although they tend to be mild in most patients and are generally not associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, diagnosis of HPS is easily missed if there is no clinical suspicion that takes the treating physician to order specific disease markers as proposed by HLA-04 [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, treatment was never started in many cases because of delayed diagnosis. In the study by Beutel et al [14], the median time from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of VAHS was 23 days (interquartile range [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. This could explain, at least in part, the poor prognosis of HPS secondary to influenza A infection.…”

Section: Comorbidities/ Co-morbid Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome in Adults: Case Report and Review

Trujillo¹,

Lalueza²,

Blanco³

et al. 2018

J Antivir Antiretrovir

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“…Relative lymphopenia without leukopenia was observed frequently (11). Mild to moderate elevations of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels have been reported in some patients with severe illness (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%