Diagnostic Importance of Saliva – An Overview

Anjum, Angabeen; Hosein, Mervyn

doi:10.25301/jpda.283.129

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…For example, the lower quantity of ribonuclease compared with blood reduces the degradation of miRs [ 26 , 27 ]. Saliva is a cost-effective sample for cancer detection while the harvesting is easy and non-invasive, does not require trained personnel and transport, and deposit is less sensitive than for other types of samples [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of miR-200b may represent an explanation. Functioning as regulators of gene expression, same miR may influence different biological pathways of two distinct malignant processes [ 21 , 28 ]. Also, the presence of miR-20-5p in the exosomes from both head and neck and cervical HPV positive SCC, indicate that miR-20-5p is a marker of HPV-associated infection of SCC and the mechanism of carcinogenesis is similar [ 41 , 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers for head and neck cancer detection—a literature review

Faur

Rotaru

Osan

et al. 2021

Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg

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Background MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, non-coding mRNA molecules which regulate cellular processes in tumorigenesis. miRs were discovered in extracellular environment and biological fluids, carrying marks of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). They were also identified in abundance in salivary exosomes, in which they are protected by exosome lipid barrier against enzymatic injuries and therefore, the accuracy of exosomal miR-based cancer detection increase. This systematic review aimed to reveal and inventorize the most reliable exosomal miRNAs in saliva samples which can be used as novel biomarkers for early detection of HNSCC. Materials and methods A systematic literature search, according to PRISMA guideline, was performed on Pubmed and Google Academic libraries, based on specific keywords. Original articles published between 2010 and 2021 were selected. The quality of each paper was assessed using the Quality Evaluation Scoring Tool. Results At the end of selection process, five studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies analyzed twelve salivary exosomal miRs, presenting different methods of exosome and miR identification for HNSCC detection. A comprehensive explanation of the miR pathways of action was drawn and illustrated in this review. Conclusion Exosomal miRs are promising biomarkers for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer detection. miR-10b-5p, miR-486-5p, miR-24-3p and miR-200a stand as the most useful ones in saliva sample examination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers for head and neck cancer detection—a literature review

Faur

Rotaru

Osan

et al. 2021

Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg

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“…Additional information on biomarkers found in saliva and sputum that is not presented in this paper can be found in refs. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Sputum Proteomics: Advancing Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases with Enhanced Biomarker Analysis Methods

Guzman,

Guzman

2024

IJTM

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Many ailments can be diagnosed while they are asymptomatic, meaning that the patient has no signs or symptoms of a progressing disease. If caught in their initial stage of formation, these disorders can be effectively treated, leading to successful outcomes; curative therapies can halt illnesses from advancing, thus improving the quality of life and long-term survival of the patient. Still, cutting-edge upgrades in precision technologies are necessary for early, reliable, affordable, and rapid disease detection, but also vital for the well-being of people and the future of global public health. The emerging role and utility of non-invasive and repeatable diagnostic test approaches for the detection of health conditions have been exemplified by liquid biopsies based on genomic biomarkers. As such, biological fluids permit any measurable molecular indicator or signature (e.g., proteins) to provide valuable information on an individual’s wellness and/or disease. Among the bodily secretions used for non-invasive diagnostics is sputum, a complex viscous gel-like biopolymeric network that has gained growing recognition as a rich source of biomarkers of airway infections and pulmonary diseases, and serves as a determinant to reveal other illnesses. As per the World Health Organization, the burden of respiratory conditions is exacerbated by factors ranging from considerable subjection to air pollution and occupational contaminants to tobacco smoking and second-hand smoke, in addition to poor socio-economic status. Due to the likely increase in these determinants, respiratory tract ailments are on the rise, affecting the health of many individuals, in addition to putting stress on healthcare facilities and services worldwide. The aim of this study was to perform a narrative review of sputum constituents with an emphasis on proteins and glycoproteins assessed as possible biomarkers of lung and other organ diseases. A search was conducted using mucus, sputum proteomics, sputum biomarkers, and point-of-care testing as keywords employing Google, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Web of Science, selecting the most referenced and related papers of the last decade. We, therefore, highlight the need to use expectorated or induced sputum specimens as a routine sample source for testing valuable protein biomarkers to diagnose these chronic disorders, predict inflammation and disease progression, as well as monitor the effectiveness of treatments. Further, we discuss the urgent need for fast and reliable point-of-care methods to detect and quantify crucial protein biomarkers in sputum specimens, and the limitations faced when dealing with their complex matrices.

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“…However, liquid biopsy samples, such as saliva, are promising options for cancer diagnosis, being easy and non-invasive to harvest and less sensitive to destruction during transportation and deposit than blood or tissue samples [26]. Saliva washes the oral cavity and oropharynx and encapsulates metabolic products and biologically active molecules, such as interleukins, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes, directly from tumors localized in these anatomical sites [27]. Cancers release these molecules into blood and saliva to control the environment and favor the adjacent tissue invasion and distant metastasis [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Detection Method of Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Multivariate Analysis of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectra of Salivary Exosomes

Faur

Dinu

Toma

et al. 2023

JPM

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Raman spectroscopy recently proved a tremendous capacity to identify disease-specific markers in various (bio)samples being a non-invasive, rapid, and reliable method for cancer detection. In this study, we first aimed to record vibrational spectra of salivary exosomes isolated from oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and healthy controls using surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Then, we assessed this method’s capacity to discriminate between malignant and non-malignant samples by means of principal component–linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) and we used area under the receiver operating characteristics with illustration as the area under the curve to measure the power of salivary exosomes SERS spectra analysis to identify cancer presence. The vibrational spectra were collected on a solid plasmonic substrate developed in our group, synthesized using tangential flow filtered and concentrated silver nanoparticles, capable of generating very reproducible spectra for a whole range of bioanalytes. SERS examination identified interesting variations in the vibrational bands assigned to thiocyanate, proteins, and nucleic acids between the saliva of cancer and control groups. Chemometric analysis indicated discrimination sensitivity between the two groups up to 79.3%. The sensitivity is influenced by the spectral interval used for the multivariate analysis, being lower (75.9%) when the full-range spectra were used.

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Diagnostic Importance of Saliva – An Overview

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Salivary exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers for head and neck cancer detection—a literature review

Salivary exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers for head and neck cancer detection—a literature review

Human Sputum Proteomics: Advancing Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases with Enhanced Biomarker Analysis Methods

A New Detection Method of Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Multivariate Analysis of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectra of Salivary Exosomes

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